In old-style shaping, an unconditioned improvement prompts an unconditioned response (a trademark reaction to the UCS). An unbiased redesign (NS) becomes coordinated with an unconditioned improvement (UCS). This is in like manner considered the Pavlovian embellishment in light of the fact that Ivan Pavlov discovered old-style forming in a preliminary including dogs. At last, the coordinating of the NS and the UCS prompts a UCR. The shaped update (CS), which used to be the NS, will be connected with a...
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The phrase “grapes of wrath” is a Biblical reference, to the Book of Revelation. Passage 14:19-20, which states: “ So the angel swung his sickle to the earth and gathered the clusters from the vine of the earth, and threw them into the great winepress of the wrath of God”. John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath symbolizes various religious events which Steinbeck shows through the characters and storyline. The Grapes of Wrath is a story about the Joad family and...
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All human beings are in this world are equal. They had been created equal but their economic fame may additionally not. Not every human have an identical situation, same economic reputation, and equal health problems but as a human, we must all come together and help each different. We should value each other as humans, not by what we have and what we don’t. Every small thing matters. Something that may not have any value to one, but might be...
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Before the guided discussion, my interpretation of the literary meaning of the novel was very unclear. I could grasp that the reoccurring symbol of heat had a significant meaning, but I was unable to decipher what the meaning was. Furthermore, I also did not understand the cultural significance of many key elements in the novel, such as the funeral, Salamano’s dog, and the racist beliefs in 1940s Algeria. However, after the guided discussion, I gained clarity on these topics. I...
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Freedom of movement, a term that has existed for many years is a civil right concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place. In this modern era, globalization and digitization connect people across great distances and bringing them together due to the growth of far recaching media convergence and broadened the horizon (UNESCO, 2016). People are witnessing the most conspicuous manifestations which is the unprecedented volume and speed of human mobility in this present era. From...
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What is the purpose of life? What is death? Who am I and what do I want out of life? These are all questions deriving from the period known as Existentialism. Many philosophers contributed to existentialism thinking and helped to push the existentialist movement along. Even now, existentialism lives in our modern day society and helps some people to define their way of living. Some of the major contributions to the existentialism period include philosophers like Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche,...
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Humans have been using animals for many uses like food, commotion from one place to another, games, and for many other purposes. One of the extended uses of animals is their use in research. With the advancement of medical technology, the count of animals being used in the experimental research has sky rocketed. Millions of experimental animals are used for the research purposes all over the world. For example, in UK, in the year 2011, the number of experimental animals...
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Odysseus’ return symbolises the return to civilisation and the world of mankind. Odysseus’ travels do not relate to geography, instead they explore the pillars that define both man and civilisation, one’s identity as a man, mortality, sacrifice, and working the land and the preparation of food. His return is a story of returning to normalcy, and his acceptance of the constraints placed on man. The worlds he visits are fantastical, and the beings vary from super to sub human to...
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The tragicomic Fun Home, by Alison Bechdel, is generally considered one of the most important pieces of the modern LGBTQ canon of literature. The graphic novel tells the story of Alison Bechdel’s attempt to find the truth about her father’s sexuality and what lead him to possibly commit suicide. Along the way, Bechdel finds her own sexuality. Bechdel’s choice to write about her and her father’s simultaneous journey to finding their sexuality was revolutionary at the time. Very few authors...
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Shakespeare wrote two of his greatest plays during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. She was an example of a strong and competent woman. When she addresses the troops at Tilbury, she was dressed from the waist up in armor and, from the waist down in a dress. She was showing that she was a queen and a lady but also showing that she was a strong woman and was worthy of wearing amour just like a man. When speaking to...
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The book Oryx and Crake by Margarette Atwood provides many perfect examples of prominent social psychological principles. The first principle comes from Murder, Sex and the Meaning of Life written by Douglas T Kenrick. Subselves are prevalent in both texts, especially with the transformation of Jimmy into Snowman. The second psychological principle is the power of scarcity, a term from Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert Cialdini. Crake uses the power of scarcity to manipulate Jimmy to be the...
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Introduction Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone is the first installment of one of the most successful movie series ever made. The movie was directed by Chris Columbus, produced by David Heyman and based on J.K Rowling’s book carrying the same title. In this movie, the audience is presented with an imaginary new world: the magic community inhabited by Wizards. The interaction between this and the non-magic community, also known as Muggles, is one of the series’ major themes. Harry,...
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Every year from July to September Torrential rain, flooding and monsoons are the norms for South Asia. The annual event is unpredictable in its danger, death, and destruction. In 2019, the first onslaught of catastrophic monsoons hit on July 12 in the South Asia region in countries such as Bangladesh, China, India, and Nepal. Numerous Publications have covered the event from differing perspectives to their respective audiences. From local viewpoints, foreign opinions and ultimately transnational behaviour the event is perceived,...
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According to the Oxford Dictionary, ‘crime’ is defined as “an action that is against the law” or “illegal actions as a whole”. (Lexico 2019) This definition could be argued as too simplistic as it does not apply to all criminal offenses. In 1884, the criminal law system was made to reconsider what was seen as a defence to murder, when the case of R v Dudley and Stephens revealed four men had to resort to cannibalism while stranded at sea....
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Mental health problem, as its name implies, is a condition where someone’s emotional and mental wellbeing is affected. Mental health problems and the factors contributing to this problem vary and can affect anyone regardless of age, race, and socioeconomic status. Although the type and degree of severity varies, some of the main types of Mental health problems are depression and anxiety. According to studies of various US organizations,19.1% of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2018 (47.6 million people). This...
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“...I have a dream. A dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character...” This piece is from Reverend Martin Luther King’s iconic I Have a Dream speech, where on August 28th, 1963, the year marking a hundred years since President Lincoln had signed the Emancipation Proclamation and freed thousands of slaves, Dr. King delivered one of...
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The Book Thief is about a girl named Liesel, who grew up in Molching, Germany during World War ll. After Liesel’s brother dies, her mum sends her to live with foster parents, Hans and Rosa. Amidst the novel, Liesel steals numerous books but does not know how to read. Hans observes Liesel’s theft and teaches her how to read and how to make sense of the letters. Rosa and Hans are German, but they do not approve of the Nazi...
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In terms of the literary archetype, the quintessential attributes of heroism are fundamentally connected with distinctive courage, utmost respect and honor, fulfilling all extrinsic duties, and strictly obeying one’s faction of behavior. All of these aforementioned qualities create the ultimate heroic experiences but can falter due to ineluctable human imperfections. Through assessing literature, the recurring patterns are distinctly pontificated upon through the examples of previous archetypes which shine light to the idea of a hero. Although these archetypes often follow...
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Norway's Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, published in 1879, is a play about Nora Helmer, who has committed a crime of forgery to repair her husband to good health. As a dramatic play, A Doll's House inspects the relationship between Torvald, her husband, and Nora, especially the limited social choices available to women and the roles and expectations placed on women by society as a whole. The central character being Nora is a protagonist and allows viewers to recognize the...
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Animals have always been a part of humanity’s culture and throughout history their roles in society have evolved. In today’s society, some people consider their animals to be family which differs greatly from prior norms that animals were beings placed on earth to be used as resources. Why have these norms changed throughout generations? Civilizations dating back to ancient Greece began to wonder about the universe and all that encompasses it. In doing so, the ancient Greeks particularly focused on...
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Introduction: Setting as a Symbol in "The Awakening" The novel of The Awakening (1899) by author Kate Chopin presents a journey of physical, spiritual and sexual transformation of the protagonist, Edna Pontellier, a middle-class mother and wife in Louisianan society during the late 19th-century. The novel is set in three divergent, distinctive spaces physically represented as an island, linking the mainland of New Orleans and the ocean. New Orleans functions to marginalise Edna as she inhabits the patriarchally controlled society...
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Through describing a life changing journey experienced by protagonist Charlie Marlow in the Congo River, Joseph Conrad successfully exposes the loathsome evil and savage horror within the center of European colonialism. In the novel Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad challenges a dominant view by exposing the metaphorical “darkness” placed within the hearts of European colonialists. Portraying the European colonialists as “blind light bearers” who claims to bring civilization and education to the African Natives, yet are blind of their actions,...
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This paper will be focusing on sexual abuse among siblings, also known as sibling sexual abuse (SSA). The paper will discuss the lack of research regarding sexual abuse between siblings, the impact the abuse has on the survivor and the relationships between family members afterwards, what society can do to help, and what should be further researched regarding this topic. Sibling sexual abuse includes intercourse, attempted intercourse, oral-genital contact, fondling of genitals directly or through clothing, exhibitionism, exposing children to...
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Charlotte Perkins Gilman was an American writer, lecturer, and feminist intellectual whose literary output apart from being devoted to social, political, and economic injustice in general, is mostly sacrificed to the rights of women and their unequal status in society. The work which perfectly depicts all her ideas and believes is “The Yellow Wallpaper” – a short story, first published in 1892 in “The New England Magazine”(Gray, 316). It is a collection of journal entries written by a woman who...
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In today’s fast-moving world stress is a vague concept that every individual experienced at one time or another. Being under a lot of pressure or facing some big changes will cause the body and the mind to react to those demands and challenges hence resulting in stress which may lead to a feeling of being overwhelmed, it is an emotional state of psychological tension and confusion influenced by a variety of different common life events such as family, friends or...
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The Burden of Student Loan Debt and the Need for Free College Tuition 45 million student loan borrowers are 1.56 trillion dollars in debt and growing (“A Look at the Shocking Student Loan Debt Statistics for 2019”). Imagine graduating high school with hopes of achieving a higher education and profession, only to be met with hundreds of thousands of student loan debt. You work your whole life to pay off this debt and support yourself and your family at the...
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As to the discussion for when to intervene in situations of injustice arises, society is often caught in between two polarized options: action and inaction. And, often enough, inaction is the choice. Personal, alongside non-personal factors, directly contribute to this decision-making process. Personal factors can include relentless dedication, sustained effort to positively contribute, and even having “lived” the problem under discussion. For example, some self-entitled feminists refuse to consider this same right of entitlement for men. The motive seems quite...
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It’s February 13th, 1929, and a police car arrives in front of the garage on North Clark Street in Chicago. According to witnesses, five men exit a car and entered into garage while two of them were dresses as police officers. After less than ten minutes shots had been fired and police officers left the building leading three civilians with hands raised up. The car drove away, the public was shocked and newspapers were full of the articles. There were...
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What makes someone themselves? Is it their appearance, music taste, personality or the way others see them? Avril Lavigne explored the changing behaviour of her boyfriend around her and his friends through her hit song ‘Complicated’ and no she’s not dead folks. Her annoyance is expressed through the lyrics “the way you’re acting like somebody else gets me frustrated”. However, her clueless boyfriend is unable to detect the problem with his behaviour around her. Her song makes great connections with...
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Although two of the most important of the early modern philosophers were writing a century apart from each other, Rene Descartes and David Hume were both examining epistemological arguments, ultimately coming to very different conclusion. Rene Descartes was a 17th century French philosopher whose main fields of interest were metaphysics and epistemology, and he is often considered to be the father of modern philosophy. One of his more important works, The Meditations on First Philosophy, details his philosophical viewpoints on...
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