The Mayan civilization originated from the Mesoamerican civilization. Mesoamerica is a historical and cultural place in North America. It extends from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. The Mayan civilization was one of the most powerful civilizations to ever exist in history in the region that is now known as Central America. The Mayans created huge stone temples and pyramids, elaborate artwork, and a complex system of Hieroglyphics. It was around 2000 BC to 250 AD...
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Is language a distinctive feature when it comes to constructing yourself? Language allows speakers not only to communicate with others, but also to express who they are, where they come from, and who they associated with. âLanguage functions as a cornerstone in the construction of our identity and in the relationships we buildâ (Littlejohn and Rao Mehta 1). The process by which people construct and project their proximity to ideals, concepts, people, places, and namely their culture, is done both...
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A community is a social unit that shares various things in common such as religion, norms, values, identity and most importantly, the language. They also share a geographical location in terms of a village, or country or a virtual space through various communication platforms such as the social media. One of the most important identity of a community is the language used. Communication plays an essential role in the life of every human being. It does not only separate us...
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Code Switching (hereafter CS) is acknowledged as a highly significant and prevalent conversational phenomenon in bilingual contexts and is generally defined as a sociolinguistic communication strategy which allows bilingual speakers to alternate between two or more languages during discourse (Garcia et al., 2018; Schau, Dellande & Gilly, 2007 & Vickers, Goble & Deckert, 2015). This planned or unplanned switch from one language to another occurs in many forms such as within sentences boundaries, within phrases, between words or between clauses...
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Introduction A Human cannot live without social, we always need people to communicate with each other, therefore, we have language as the tools for interactions. Kentjono (1982) said that âLanguage is a system of a sound symbol which arbitrary, used by a social group to work together, communicate, and identify their selfâ. While Cambridge dictionary state that language is a system of communication consisting of sounds, words, and grammar, or the system of communication used by people in a particular...
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Introduction In this paper I intend to conduct a semiotic analysis of a series of adverts for menâs anti-wrinkle cream produced by Nivea. Semiotics is concerned with the study of âcommunication as the generation of meaning.â (Fiske, 2011) The adverts, as shown below, are entitled âBecause life makes wrinkles,â and each one depicts the furrowed brow of a middle-aged male. Each of the images portrays a different aspect of conventional life, including a child, a house and a car, which...
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Introduction Conservation of biological resources has become imperative due to the accelerated climate change that challenges the survival of many species of organisms essential to maintain the balance in various ecosystems. Exploration of genetic resources and its diversity is one of the best methods to gain insights to develop a suitable program for conservation and utilization of resources at the brink of extinction and subjected to endangerment. For plants, molecular marker technologies like Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Simple Sequence...
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Climate change and anthropogenic measures are an increasing obstacle for global biodiversity. As global biodiversity continues to be threatened and ecological systems disturbed, measures for conserving biodiversity can become challenging (Sutherland et al., 2010).Similar to other ecological systems, marine environments face several anthropogenic challenges, such as overfishing, chemical contamination, pollution and habitat loss (Korpinen et al., 2016). Along with climate change, these factors all contribute to the ongoing decrease in genetic diversity of marine species (Pinsky et al., 2014). Ellegren...
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Genetic improvement programs for livestock in the developed countries have advanced to the present stage, mainly because the infrastructural elements necessary for planned breeding programs such as thorough performance recording and AI (Artificial Insemination) are available. In addition, advances have also been made in population genetics and statistics which have made it possible to develop genetic improvement schemes applicable on a national scale (buvanendran, 1982). SELECTION PROGRAMS IN DAIRY CATTLE The importance of selection programs in tropical breeds No serious...
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Genetics in ecology helps us to understand the dynamic relationship that genetic diversity has with conservation, by applying phylogenetics, and using this to aid the evolutionary potential of the genetic structure (Allendorf et al. 2013). By monitoring the genetic structure of a species, a conservation priority can therefore be established. For example, a species considered as monotypic will have a higher priority as it is more at risk of extinction, along with species that have a small population, consequently resulting...
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Abstract As it has been widely underlined in recent years, Global warming is becoming a big problem and carbon emissions from a variety of sources are the cause of it. To control emissions, several carbon emission reduction policies, and schemes such as European Sustainable Development Goals, Green Deal & Paris Agreement have been reached and put in place. However not all countries participate in these global carbon mitigation treaties. One of the many reasons for the absence of participation in...
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BACKGROUND THE latest threat to global health was recently given the name COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2). FIRST case was reported in December 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei province, china and is rapidly spreading from Wuhan to the rest of the world. Many of the initial cases had a common exposure to the wholesale seafood market in china that also trade live animal. This virus belong to beta-corona virus and compared with SARS and MERS, this virus has...
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Introduction [1] Astronomy is defined as the study of Sun, Moon, Stars, Planets, Comets, Galaxies, Gas, Dust and other non-Earthly bodies and phenomena. Astronomy is defined by NASA as as the study of Stars, Planets and Space. A common historical misconception is that Astronomy and Astrology are the same terms but as a matter of fact astrology is not a science, and is no longer recognized. Astronomy has concentrated historically on observations of celestial bodies. It's closely related to astrophysics....
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For many years, the South African people have lived under the bondage of various past events that left the people broken and in need of liberation. One of the most commonly known issues that plagued the country for many years was apartheid, a period during which black people were not allowed to mingle with the whites. Logically, it is impossible for a purely white theology to liberate a people that are naturally and exclusively black in their culture and all...
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What is Narrative? The word narrative is synonymous with a story, which is an account of events that can be actual or reported, this account can be used to help us understand better our experiences in the world, and they form us. Professor Jerome T. Walsh, a professor of the Old Testament at the University of Botswana and Dallas, describes narrative as a storytelling which is a âhuman universe and that stories help us to preserve the past, explore the...
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Scientific Explanations for Religion According to the Hypersensitive Agency-Detecting Device (HADD) mechanism, it allows humans to âperceive that many things have agency or the ability to act of their own accordâ (Palermo, 2015). This mechanism was developed as based on survivability of humans, who did not try to think too much about the causality of natural events and believed that things could happen due to their own agencies, who subsequently passed this mechanism to subsequent generations through reproduction. This mechanism...
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Hinduism and Buddhism, ancient and complex religions, constantly influence todayâs society. Although modern Hinduism and Buddhism are disparate than their original forms, the religions retain certain values critical to their essences. Hinduism preserves the skeleton of the caste system in India despite efforts to eliminate this social classification. Buddhism still possesses beliefs involving the elimination of desire and finding moderation. Both Hinduism and Buddhism involve meditation and rebirth, as well as enlightenment to escape to the rebirth cycle. Hinduism and...
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This essay will examine Buddhism, Brahmanism and Jainism, although representing different traditions with distinct methodologies and goals, have commonalities that connect practices and beliefs of their meditation systems. The essay will consider geographic history and the merger of cultures, attitudes and doctrines within the first millennium BCE, with detail on how this interweaving of societies, so often seen as opposed Omvedt (2003, p.51), advanced into distinct religious groups with several shared approaches and ideas on meditation. Bronkhorst (2000, p xvii),...
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The philosophies of Buddha and Aristotle are vastly different and have origins in opposite sides of the world. Aristotelianism is a very practical form of philosophy, focusing on why things are the way they are; using this as the basis for how one should live to achieve an excellent character. Whereas, Buddhism is less fascinated about how the world works, instead, how to self-navigate through life and reach nirvana. However, both philosophies have firm beliefs about what is considered to...
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The meaning of religion changes throughout the world. A neighbor, an associate, a voyager, a student abroad would give a wide range of various perspectives and suppositions on what religion is to them. It very well may be troublesome to identify different religions and provide accurate information that has no inclination and ultimately exhibits religion. Yet, it is imperative to locate a shared belief among genuine and fake to make a superior view of what religion has to offer. When...
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In Gender Ambiguity in Islam, South Asia and Contemporary Pakistan, the treatment of sex/gender non normativity in Islam is as diverse as Islam itself. Historical and scholarly sources reveal theological differences in constructions of sex, gender and sexuality. Meanwhile, the history of the Indian subcontinent indicates that individuals with gender and genital ambiguities went from having important social functions to being criminalized. However, in present-day Pakistan, the laws related to Khawaja Siras have both constrained and empowered gender ambiguous people,...
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Abstract Ethical values in Islam with particular reference with prophet Muhammad(S.A.W)âs mission âreligion Plays a significant role in satisfying our physical as well as spiritual needs:Islam teaches us a code of behavior and gives us a meaning for our existence. Faith is the source and basis of Islam. The most importance feature of this faith that is reflected on the human soul is the feeling of God sees all my action hears all my utterance and knows everything that I...
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A healthy and fit well-being is a gift from Allah form His creations. A healthy body and mind help us a lot to perform duties in our daily life especially ibadah. We as a Muslim know the important of taking care of our body because we do not own our bodies, Allah is the one who really own it. Our body is just given to us as responsibility so that we can devote ourselves to the Almighty Allah S.W.T. As...
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Islam means to achieve peace â peace with God, peace within oneself, and peace with the creations of God â through wholly submitting oneself to God and accepting His guidance. Believers of Islam are called Muslims. They believe that the Quran was spoken to Muhammad by the angel Fibril, and that it is the word of Allah. They view Muhammad as a messenger. Other beliefs and rules about what Muslims should do come from reports of what Muhammad taught, or...
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Introduction The institution of religion as per the view of the feminist, especially the Abrahamic religions are patriarchal in nature, given the fact that the creation of the institution of religion from a sociological perspective, historical perspective as well as from a divine and theological perspective have been male-dominated with very less importance given to the role of the women and the ones who have found a mention of in the holy scriptures, have been mostly tangential and almost all...
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Introduction It is very well known that the Abrahamic faiths particularly Islam and Judaism have a high concept of ethics and strict dietary requirements when it comes to food especially pertaining to meat. Ethical issues of food is often misunderstood and misrepresented in the modern Western world for example in 2019 in Belgium there was a national ban on the Muslim and Jewish method of slaughtering an animal due to âanimal welfare concernsâ (Schreuer 2019). With Islam being the second...
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Judaism Abraham who was considered as the first prophet to have made a covenant with God is the father of Isaac who is the ancestor of Jewish people and Ishmael who is the ancestor of the Muslim people. Isaacâs family line practices Judaism as well as Christianity. While Ishmaelâs family line practices the religion of Islam. Because Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all recognize Abraham as their first prophet, they are also called Abrahamic religions. Judaism is worldâs oldest monotheistic religion....
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Christian faith is a movement that has its base on Jesus of Nazareth as the source. He was the one sent by the creator to redeem humankind. Different individuals scrawled the bible as the moral conviction guide. Universally, religion has many members. The faithful notions have their foundation on the birth, his occurring and living again of the anointed one (Harnack, 2006). The person writing on the past events consider the initial start-up of the belief by a few folks...
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Introduction to Comparative Analysis of Hinduism and Christianity The Hindu religion is a very complex subject that combines standard beliefs and mythology. This religion has undergone through many changes but certain areas of Hinduism remains the same. Hinduism has produced popular concepts, such as karma, yoga, and reincarnation, that state this religion can help thousands of people to discover harmony and reach enlightenment. The religion also has been known to have the caste system and a low view on women....
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Introduction to Abortion and Ethical Dilemmas In today's contemporary world, we are faced with difficulties and decisions that determine our moral viewpoints on ethical issues. An ethical issue is a situation that requires a person or organization to choose between alternatives that are ethical right or ethically wrong. The answer to ethical problems we have in our society can be evaluated by world religions. Religions help address and face our perspectives on ethical decisions. Abortion Is a well-known issue that...
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