Abstract The terminology and typologies used to describe alcoholics and diagnose alcoholism have changed dramatically from when William Carpenter first published âOn the Use and Abuse of Alcoholic Liquors in Health and Diseaseâ in 1850 to the publication of the DSM V in 2013. E.M. Jellinek had a profound impact on emphasizing the importance of treating alcoholism as a disease that should be studied scientifically, thus paving the way for the changes of these typologies and how people are diagnosed....
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Issue China has made a substantial progress in tackling its HIV epidemic. The HIV epidemic in China is largely characterized by low national prevalence at 0.037% with certain regions having higher and more severe HIV prevalence rates [1]. The country has also made substantial progress with regards to funding its HIV response as 99% of funding came from domestic sources in 2015 [UNAIDS, 2016]. Despite these efforts, in December 2016 the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) reports...
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Written in times of great political change, amongst the emerging threat of technology and totalitarianism, both George Orwellâs 1984 and Ray Bradburyâs Fahrenheit 451, demonstrate speculative responses to a vastly changing post war society. Both authors paint gritty dystopian futures and explore the challenges faced by characters within the microcosms they have crafted - reflective of their own concerns and criticisms of post-war society. This essay will explore the narrative themes and conventions of these texts and conclude how both...
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Abstract With the evolution of predominant values and mainstream culture, the definition of 'family' is constantly changing in the United States. Due to social transformations brought by the decline in heterosexual marriage and the growth of working females, the nuclear family, the family formed by heterosexual parents with their biological child or children, lost its dominant status in family forms. Moreover, the chosen family, which covers a wide range, from the adoptive family to same-sex parents with their surrogate children,...
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Introduction The issue of gender equality has been one of the prevailing contentious debates in the nation. According to the Foreign Affairs Minister from Canada, Chrystia Freeland, she is among the first 26 people to hold such positions across the globe, in a world that has more than 195 countries. The numbers as compared to the national tally are shocking. More than 65 percent of countries in the world do not have options to send women representatives in various councils...
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This essay is going to discuss that gender equality in organisations today will never be possible or completely achieved due to organisations being gendered in and of themselves. Using Ackerâs (1990) theory of gendered organisations to explain systematic inequalities that have compromised professional advancement of women in organisations they choose to join. This essay will support the argument of organisations being gendered in and of themselves as well as providing evidence on how organisations are built upon assumptions about gender...
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Introduction Exploring the concepts and themes that contribute to the portrayal of females within literature is a highly relevant topic in todayâs critical climate. These concepts have historical and contemporary application that may help unveil and discuss female portrayals in literature, and thus are worthy of investigation. Charlotte Bronteâs classical novel Jane Eyre (1847) is a bildungsroman narrating the life of the eponymous Jane and the challenges she faces as a young, unmarried woman. Despite our contemporary appreciation of the...
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INTRODUCTION Ever wondered âWhy we react in a certain way to a particular stimuli?â and âWhy some people are more prone to helping one another and some not?â. A Classic Greek philosopher, Plato states that âHuman behavior flows from three main sources: desire, emotion, and knowledgeâ. Selfishness, often associated with negativity, although many a times the question âWhy do some people turn out to be selfless while some selfish?â arises. Itâs completely acceptable to be described as either, after all...
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The aim of this study is to investigate in what way factors of culture (such as values, beliefs, laws (rules of behavior) and social status) influence consumer behavior using the example of Coca-Cola Company. Additional questions were: is it still important today to take them into account in the times of globalization Or marketers do not have to pay attention to it advertising a product of mass culture. Mentioned factors were studied on already existing literature. Used materials were taken...
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Introduction Advisory opinions in the world over, have been appreciated and acknowledged as an important source of law[footnoteRef:1], especially in the verge of jurisprudential development. Legal practitioners, diplomats and policy makers in Europe and beyond are agreeable to the fact that the precedents emanating from the European Court of Human rights has contributed positively towards the development of not only the human rights regime in Europe but also the practice of public international law[footnoteRef:2]. [1: Hambro, E. (1954). The authority...
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Introduction In this essay, the focus is to examine food insecurity as the root cause of conflict in modern societies. In this context, it would be pertinent to use the term conflict analysis to mean the systematic study of the causes motivating actors and the dynamics of conflict. Dealing with any conflict would require that it would first be analyzed and understood. Before any intervention can be initiated in the context of conflict, conflict analysis is the most important step...
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Introduction Schizophrenia has existed for hundreds of years but was more recognised as its own mental disease in 1887 by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin who called it âdementia praecoxâ, meaning dementia in early life, this was changed to schizophrenia in 1910 by Swiss psychiatrist Paul Eugen Bleuler, where in Greek âschizoâ means split and âphrenâ means mind. (Burton, 2012) The disease is a progressive neurodevelopment disorder which affects 1% of the worldâs population, of those affected 80% has a hereditary...
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High and Popular Gothic were classed as poisonous novels which were read in secret. Beattie criticises the reading of sensationalist gothic novels as a dangerous past time because âRomances are a dangerous recreation⊠and tend to corrupt the heart and simulate the passionsâ (Beattie, J, (1970), pp. 309-327). In this assignment, I will argue that the relationship between the two genres is shifting alignments of popular and literary fictions with cultural theories, consumption and representations of science. This argument will...
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School safety is a complex problem without a one size fits all solution. Trauma associated with school violence can have a profound impact on schools, families and entire communities. The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention (2019) describes school violence as acts that disrupt learning and is a subset of youth violence. School violence has a negative effect on students, schools, and communities as it includes fighting, bullying, gangs, cyberbullying, and the use of weapons....
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Nature has been a prominent theme of American literature since the founding of America. When Washington Irving wrote âRip Van Winkle,â one of the oldest classics of American literature, he focused notably on nature throughout the telling of the story. Through figurative language and symbolism, Irving uses the differences in Rip Van Winkle, the village, and nature to emphasize the importance of balance. Nature is used to represent balance of change and tradition, Rip represents the extreme side of tradition,...
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1.0 Introduction Different cultures view women in different ways. Women in African society and cultures have resisted traditionally in contradiction of certain models that all women encounter. The female personality is different according to each culture and their customs but many cultures are based on male control where women have less power. Women across the world experience suppression in getting jobs, education, sexuality and reproductive choice. The coming of feminism movements in Africa has helped in changing the position of...
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Introduction The creative power of art has been used to evoke emotion in people in order to bring up a social change as artistic activism. Activism challenges accustomed beliefs and power association. Whereas in Art, there is an ambiguity in the intention of the artist who makes the work. It is often to create a new perspective and a clearer vision to view the aspects of the world, which can be considered as another way of rephrasing the imposition of...
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Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most serious cancers in the world, with the smallest survival rate after the diagnosis. In CT scans, lung nodules appear as dense masses of various shapes and sizes. They may be isolated from or attached to other structures such as blood vessels or the pleura. In this paper a detection of Candidate Nodules (solitary or juxtapleural in a 2D CT slice is achieved using two schemes of segmentation and enhancement algorithms. Convolutional Neural...
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Self-Reflection All the opportunities for business growth in the current world evolve around technology. Everyone working with technology has to be aware of the challenges that come with it. One of the main challenges that come with digitalization and e-commerce is dealing with security issues. However, most people think of hacking whenever cybersecurity is mentioned. But the truth is businesses are vulnerable in different dimensions. Other security concerns include unprecedented cyber espionage and data theft. Regardless of the intensity, the...
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The Odyssey- is best understood as a 'reception' or 'reading' of the Iliad but one that ultimately wants to problematize its source text-- that is, Homer (as a shorthand for whoever the author was) wants the Odyssey to address the same major issues as the Iliad but come to a fundamentally different conclusion as to what is important. A good version of this paper will carefully consider the whole of the Iliad and the Odyssey and will show the ways...
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The process of socialization is continuous in everyday life. There are multiple influences and factors which aid in the development of an individual's sociological behavior. The process of how I developed as an individual, from birth to the individual I have developed into today, will be broken down and analyzed throughout this paper. The seven potent socialization agents that guided my development together, in order of importance, are those analyzed: religion, family, peers, education, government, mass media, and work environment....
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Introduction The question of Americaâs intentions in Cuba may sound simple, yet the answers are not. The essay will attempt to make the reader understand why America spent decades trying to intervene in Cuba and overthrow the Castro government. Numerous American presidents launched covert operations in Cuba to destabilize the government and failed. Using the available literature on the history of Cuba, the business and industries, the rise of Castro, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, the...
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This essay considers reasons the early Buddhists taught that the five aggregates (khandhas) werenât the self. These reasons can be classified into three categories: soteriological, socio-cultural, and philosophical. Given the Buddhaâs emphasis on teaching for the purpose of liberation, the soteriological reasons are the most important and are given the most attention. Nonetheless, the social and religious milieu of Northern India during the Buddhaâs time was dominated by an earlier version of the Brahmanic culture still existing in India today....
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Abstract Being grateful or ruminating on oneâs depressive symptoms can have dramatic impacts on mood. Past research gives evidence that rumination leads to more negative affect in depressed people and gratitude leads to more positive affect regardless of baseline depression levels. Participants (N = 198) were randomly assigned to a neutral rumination (n = 99) or positive gratitude condition (n = 99) and the effects on positive and negative mood were examined. I hypothesized that people high in depression would...
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All art, regardless of shape or form, is inherently political. This is a simple fact. Ryan (2018) asserts that art cannot exist within a vacuum of apoliticality, for â[the artistâs] ability to create art is shaped by [their] political environment just as much as art itself is.â This is especially true for art created within recent decades, where more and more artists have turned to their own crafts to speak on socio-political issues and, in some way, turn their art...
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Nostalgia Construct The term ânostalgiaâ was first used by Johannes Hoffer in 1688, and since then has been studied from a variety of perspectives. Looking into nostalgiaâs origins, it derives from two Greek roots nostos and algos. First, nostos, âto return home/ to oneâs native landâ. Secondly, the root algos, or âpain, suffering, or griefâ, completes the term nostalgia, referring to its original connotation of the pain or suffering related with the return home. Nostalgia as an emotion has both...
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To understand how the papacy was able to persuade thousands upon thousands of nobility and peasantry alike to unite under one cause and venture east towards Jerusalem, one must be aware of the political environment of 11th and 12th century Europe in regard to the papacy. The range and influence of Islamist forces was rapidly increasing, and the strength of the Byzantine Empire was declining. The Byzantines acted as a buffer against the Islamist threat and Pope Urban knew that...
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INTRODUCTION Background People talk everyday where ever they live. They use language as their tool to interact and communicate with another people. Marzulina (2018) states language is a means of communication to connect people. Thus, language is required for interaction and communication. Talking about language, there are many languages in this world. Based on page of UNESCO, there are around 6.700 languages that spoken by people in this world (Hardyanto, 2018). Every country must have its own language. But nowadays,...
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Executive Summary There is no law, here or abroad, that requires the police to protect the citizens they serve. The courts have wrestled with this concept for decades, and although the law predominately sides with the police, there are still differences in opinion. This issue has resurfaced following the recent criminal charging of Deputy Scot Peterson for his inaction in the aftermath of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School massacre. The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics, adopted by the International...
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Meaning of Responsible Management Responsible management has become very crucial in an era of growing governmental and public scrutiny of managerial practices and accountability. During the past years, a succession of instances of poor managerial practices, or even malpractices, unethical behaviour and questionable bonus and incentive systems presented themselves. Some of these instances, which have resulted in the bankruptcy of individuals and corporations leading to low levels of customer trust and rising levels of dissatisfaction in the society, and perhaps...
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