Corruption is a form of dishonesty managed by a person or organisation who abuse power for their own private gain. An example of a corrupt society could be portrayed by the rise of the Soviet Union in George Orwell’s Animal Farm, a compelling allegorical novella representing the Russian Revolution of 1917 which resulted with a government more oppressive, totalitarian, and dangerous than the one it overthrew. The extent of Animal Farm’s representation of a society at its most corrupt is...
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Introduction Workplace discrimination is the process in which an individual treats another individual applying to, or in a workplace discriminatorily due to a personal characteristic such as race, sex, religion, or any other characteristic protected under the Fair Work Act (2009). Significance of Workplace Discrimination Workplace discrimination causes detrimental effects on a small scale to the individual, thereby leading to costing the national Australian economy billions of dollars. A 2015 study released by the (American) National Institute of Health revealed...
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Devastating droughts, brazen bushfires and now; contagious COVID-19. Whatever our nation is threatened by next we assure you our government will be ready to act. Currently COVID-19 has infected 90 countries and has been contracted by over 100,000 people. This pandemic is creeping dangerously close to our Australian shores and likely has infiltrated our lands as we speak. Our government are immediately implementing preventative measures ahead of possible outbreaks in Australia. However, the main threat by COVID-19 is its detrimental...
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According to the World Alzheimer's 2018 Report, every 3 seconds, there is a patient diagnosed with dementia worldwide. There are currently at least 50 million dementia patients worldwide. And this number is still growing uncontrolledly. Therefore, understanding the causes of this disease is more urgent than ever. Many studies have previously found some factors that increase the risk of dementia. Among them, some factors cannot be prevented, such as aging. However, other potential risk factors are possible to avoid, such...
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In 1949, an evolution in literature was produced by George Orwell with his world-renowned novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The book described a world besieged by war, civil conflict and revolution, where three totalitarian super-states rule the world under an iron fist, corrupted by the ideology of the “Ingsoc” and by mysterious world leaders who demand a cult of personality. The novel was a massive success, pulling in hundreds of thousands of dollars worldwide, and winning a place in NPR’s Top 100...
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Legalising marijuana use has long been a controversial debate worldwide. With recent legalisation in countries such as several states in the USA, as well as marijuana culture having grown, the push for marijuana legalisation has increased. To understand the debate, pros and cons of both sides of the argument are explored. Supporting the legalisation means to help dismantle the black market, which is an economy of transactions that involve illegal behaviours. The availability of marijuana also creates standards of quality,...
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I believe Shakespeare is still relevant in today's age as he made characters that can be related to kids and adults in the present time. He made characters about teenagers going through hard times, older people nearing the end of their lives, and people going mad for power, and the reason these characters stay relevant is because they have become part of our culture since they were created. There are a few plays that I will be touching on in...
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Introduction China, the world's most populous nation, has long been confronted with the challenges of overpopulation. This demographic phenomenon has profound implications on the country's economic, social, and environmental landscape. By the late 20th century, the Chinese government recognized that unchecked population growth could hinder sustainable development and exacerbate poverty. This realization led to the implementation of various population control measures, most notably the one-child policy, which was later replaced by a two-child policy. These policies have been subject to...
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In his 1937 novel, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck explores the hopes and dreams of the characters against the reality they are faced with living and are each trying to survive. Through the characters of George, Candy and Crooks, Steinbeck explores the realities of loneliness and powerlessness, and discrimination towards race, disability and age that these characters face and their hopes and dreams for a better life, independence, security and respect to overcome those obstacles. George, a main character,...
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Introduction Imagine watching scientists insert various needles into you while you are sitting there, wide awake, in excruciating pain, knowing very well that there is nothing you can possibly do to remove yourself from this situation. Well guess what? That is exactly what animals such as mice, rats, hamsters and monkeys frequently go through. Therefore, I strongly believe that animal testing should be banned. This is due to the fact that animal testing is extremely cruel and unethical, that animals...
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Ethics, particularly for accounting and financial professionals, plays a significant role in their daily professional operations and business associations. Ethics influences professional behaviour and has an impact on clients as well (Leonard 2018). Quality behaviour can provide positive role models and opportunities. However, unethical values promote dishonest and unrighteous behaviour toward client’s demands. Professionals need ethics to maintain public trust, be accountable and have a responsibility towards society. Trust is key in the accounting industry which requires hard work and...
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Macbeth is a tragedy by William Shakespeare and is thought to have been first performed in 1606. The play dramatizes the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake. William Shakespeare, the author uses imagery of nature to convey and create central ideas throughout the play. He does this for a number of reasons; to portray the mood at the time, to foreshadow important events of portray his thoughts clearly and...
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Introduction Conflict within organizations is often perceived as a negative force, disrupting harmony and hindering productivity. However, this viewpoint may oversimplify the complex nature of organizational dynamics. While some conflicts can indeed be detrimental, categorizing all conflicts as dysfunctional ignores the potential for constructive outcomes. Understanding the dual nature of conflict is crucial for managers aiming to harness its positive aspects while mitigating its negative repercussions. This essay explores the multifaceted role of conflict within organizations, challenging the assertion that...
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Surrogacy, defined as the ‘process of giving birth as a surrogate mother or of arranging such a birth’1, is a controversial issue with a broad spectrum of ethical positions. Even more divisive is the rise of commercial surrogacy, by which in any surrogacy arrangement the birth mother is paid or reimbursed beyond medical expenses. Surrogacy is a treatment option for those who are infertile, or as an alternative to adoption. However commercial surrogacy it is not just about fulfilling a...
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Taking the setting of a world where “happiness” is readily served for every citizen with the help of technologies we have yet to imagine, “Brave New World” can be classified instantaneously as a novel of the science fiction and dystopian genre. Science fiction, or sci-fi, is a genre, as perfectly encapsulated in the name, that explores the field of science and technology advancements, typically in the future, through the imagination and speculation of the author. Some recurring themes in science...
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Introduction Video games were introduced to society back in the 1970’s. A game called Pong was developed in the year of 1972 gaining a lot of popularity. Back then video games were played on arcades and people had to put in quarters to be able to play the game. Now there are many different consoles that people can play video games on without having to pay each time they want to play a certain game. There are more than one...
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Have you ever watched someone's spirit dim when faced with discrimination? I've witnessed it firsthand, and it's this personal observation that drives my exploration of how bias and discrimination profoundly affect people's lives. While statistics and studies tell one part of the story, the real impact of discrimination lives in the daily experiences of millions – in missed opportunities, in hesitant smiles, in dreams deferred. Daily Battles Walking into a room and feeling instantly "other" – this is a reality...
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The coronavirus epidemic is present on all continents. A collective fear sets in and changes our relationship with one another. Since December 2019, the new coronavirus has infected over 180,000 people for 7,000 deaths. This global virus is changing our relationships and our behavior. Why and how does this phenomenon transform our way of thinking? In the recent period, there have been several epidemics, from the appearance of Ebola through AIDS, H5N1 or SARS. These epidemics or pandemics were initially...
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Singapore is an extremely diverse country. As such, we may unknowingly form prejudices-unjustified, negative attitudes towards those different from us-which can further give rise to discrimination, whereby individuals act out their biased attitudes towards the other group or individual. In this essay, I will be explaining two ways which prejudice and discrimination can pose a significant problem for Singapore. Firstly, prejudice and discrimination lead to increased tension and conflict in Singapore. When one is prejudice towards another, those experiencing the...
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In the realm of moral philosophy, a persistent debate centers on the respective roles of reason and emotion in ethical decision-making. While traditional philosophical approaches have often emphasized rational deliberation as the cornerstone of moral judgment, contemporary research in moral psychology and neuroscience suggests that emotions play an equally vital role in shaping our ethical choices. This essay argues that both reason and emotion are necessary components in the justification and execution of moral decisions, as they serve complementary functions...
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'Hafidaka Allah'- May God protect you. Cultures throughout the world have generally ruled by one notion, the belief of a higher power. Whether God or Allah, religion has heavily influenced societies' spiritual life and moral codes. The expression of mystical ideas and practices have been, are, and will continue to be an imperative aspect of numerous religions around the world for centuries. The practice of religious experiences, along with the ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and or magic related to...
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Introduction Juvenile justice systems around the world are designed to address the offenses committed by young individuals while taking into account their potential for reform and rehabilitation. Unlike adult criminal justice systems, juvenile justice focuses on education, rehabilitation, and reintegration of young offenders into society. The prevalence of juvenile delinquency poses significant challenges, necessitating systems that can balance accountability with opportunities for reform. This essay explores the complexities of juvenile justice and juvenile delinquency, examining the effectiveness of intervention strategies...
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The Lord of the Flies, written by author William Golding, is a novel that describes a group of schoolboys who try to survive on an uninhabited island after their plane crashes there. Golding asks readers to consider how the children’s civilization and savageness represent modern culture. Civilization represents order and leadership while savagery represents the desire of wealth and power. Golding uses the groups of different schoolboys to reflect humans’ natural instinct of savagery and loss of civilization. Ralph, the...
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Introduction Ethical awareness is a fundamental aspect of decision-making and behavior in both personal and professional contexts. It refers to the ability to recognize ethical issues and dilemmas, evaluate the potential consequences of different actions, and choose the most morally acceptable course of action. In a world characterized by complex social, economic, and technological interactions, the need for heightened ethical awareness has become more pronounced. Ethical awareness involves a blend of cognitive and emotional elements, requiring individuals to not only...
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Individuals are drastically shaped and impacted by the morals display by those they choose to surround themselves with. The novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is set in war torn, Afghanistan in the late 20th & early 21st centuries. The protagonist, Amir, lives in Kabul before and during the Taliban invasion and takeover when the rights of all citizens were taken and it was hard to find safety in Afghanistan at this time. He is taught how to become...
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Introduction Obesity, a complex health issue characterized by excessive body fat, poses significant risks during pregnancy both for the mother and the developing fetus. The prevalence of obesity has reached alarming levels globally, with the World Health Organization (WHO) reporting a significant increase in obesity rates over the past few decades. During pregnancy, obesity is associated with a multitude of complications, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, and increased risk of cesarean delivery. Moreover, these complications not only affect maternal health but...
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In civil war literature, it is commonly understood that a low-income country has a higher chance of civil conflict occurring than a high-income country. However, this relationship can be seen to go both ways, as in the same way that low-income countries have an increased likelihood of conflict, instances of conflict can lead to a countries economy to worsen, and as such, a cycle can emerge where a country can never leave conflict. This cycle is known as the conflict...
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Obesity is a medical condition which involves the build up of excess body fat to a degree at which the risk of obtaining chronic illnesses (such as diabetes, cancer or heart failure) is increased. It is commonly defined by using a person's BMI (body mass index) which is simply calculated by dividing weight (kg) by height (m2). After taking muscle mass into account, obesity in adults is characterised by a BMI equal to or above 30 kg/m2. (Tremmel et al,...
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The role of nurses to the global health challenge of HIV and AIDS prevention is to deliver care following the Nursing Midwifery Council (NMC) professional code of conduct. It focuses to prioritise people, ensure that people’s health need is recognised, assessed, and provided based on their preferences, goals, and values. Nurses are own a responsibility to recognise, value and celebrate individual cultural differences. They must avoid making an assumption and stereotypes ideals on their thoughts regarding people’s culture, religion and...
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This literature review will be looking into how Social class inequality has effects on mental health. Mental health plays a major role in society today and studies have shown that it has different factors and falls into many categories, which changes a person’s behaviour drastically. It is said that social class and poverty has a profound impact in who mental health affects, as a household with low income are more prone to mental health issues, substance abuse, anxiety, physical abuse...
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