During the fifth century BC, battles raged on land and at sea in a protracted and bloody conflict between the two leading city-states of ancient Greece: Athens and Sparta. On one side was the supreme naval power of Athens and on the other the dominant Spartan army, with each heading an alliance that involved nearly every single Greek state. The...
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The ancient Greeks and Romans created foundational civilizations that the modern world has idolized and used for growth for centuries. The modern world has taken many ideas from both these civil giants and incorporated them into recent times, and yet both the Greek and Roman empires sometimes gave different ideas on the same topic. Greek and Roman philosophies in both...
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Introduction Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, is a historical figure whose legacy has sparked considerable debate among scholars and historians. His reign from 336 to 323 BCE was marked by unprecedented military conquests and the establishment of one of the largest empires in the ancient world. The term "great" is often associated with his name,...
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Introduction: The Peloponnesian War and the Persian War were two significant conflicts that shaped ancient Greek history. While both wars involved Greek city-states, they differed in various aspects, including their causes, participants, and outcomes. This essay will compare and contrast the Peloponnesian War and the Persian War to provide a comprehensive understanding of these pivotal events. Causes: The Persian War...
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Introduction: The Hellenic and Hellenistic periods were two significant eras in ancient Greek history that left a lasting impact on Western civilization. The Hellenic period, characterized by the dominance of city-states and the ideals of classical Greece, was followed by the Hellenistic period, marked by the conquests of Alexander the Great and the spread of Greek influence across a vast...
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Alexander the Great was an ancient Macedonian ruler of Macedonia and Persia. He is recognized as one of the world’s best leaders. Alexander the Great built the largest and most dominating empire in the world. He was born in Macedonia, Greece in three hundred fifty-six BC. Alexander the Great father was King Philip Two, and his mother’s name was Queen...
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Describe the manner of Alexander the Great’s death After 13 years of campaigning to build the greatest empire in the world, Alexander the Great returned with his army to Babylon (near modern Baghdad) to rest and strategize for his next conquest. His push for endless campaigning had led his generals to threaten mutiny; and through his increasingly eccentric behavior, he...
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Alexander the Great was one of history's most successful military leaders. His empire extended from western Greece to eastern India. Tyre was a mighty city-state located off the coast of modern-day Lebanon. The Tyrians became very wealthy through maritime commerce and the production of purple dye from Murex shellfish. They established, among others, Carthage on the coast of North Africa,...
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Fall of Athens: End of a Golden Age The downfall of Athens marked the end of a golden age. The same unerring golden age that molded Athens into the imperial, powerful, and glorious Athens that many think of it as today. Much of Athens’ glory was earned through the unlikely defeat of a vast Persian army in the Persian war...
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It is often said that history is filled with “what ifs”. What if this was never discovered? What if this land was never conquered? What if this leader never ruled? There are three people who I think if they had not existed, or accomplished what they did, would have changed Western civilization as we know it today. The three people...
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The movie Troy is about the conflict between the Greek city-states, led by Agamemnon, and Troy, ruled by Priam. These two have this conflict because Paris, Prince of Troy, fell in love with Helen, wife of Menelaus who is Agamemnon’s brother and king of Sparta, and took her back to Troy against the wishes of his brother, Hector, who, with...
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Introduction The tale of Helen of Troy, often referred to as "the face that launched a thousand ships," is steeped in both myth and historical tradition. Central to her legendary beauty and the ensuing Trojan War are her parents, Leda and Zeus, whose story is as captivating as that of Helen herself. The mythological narratives surrounding her parents not only...
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Ancient Greece — known for its sophisticated sculpture, architecture, and famous philosophers — is full of history. Moreover, Ancient Greek history is full of culture, amazing architecture, famous philosophers, and most importantly, war. The History of The Peloponnesian War, written by Thucydides, is known to be a historical account of the Peloponnesian War which centers around the fifth-century BC war...
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Greek Mythology traces as far back as nineteen hundred B. C. till the ninth century. When there are godly figures there will be people who illustrate these godly figures in many different forms of artwork. This results in endless amounts of artwork illustrating the Greek’s idea of their Gods. There are multiple different types of artworks, including dominantly paintings and...
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The theory of the Spartan Mirage was first coined by Francois Ollier in the 1930s. Francois Ollier was a French historian who published a book titled ‘Le Mirage Spartiate’. The book outlined the effect of distortion of Sparta found in ancient writers like Xenophon, Plutarch, and Herodotus. These books have created a picture that the Spartan society was equal and...
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Was Alexander the Great a Hero or a Villain? Alexander the Great can be perceived as many different things, such as a villain, hero, or both. He did many good deeds and horrible ones in his lifetime, mainly while he was king of Macedonia and other areas he conquered. He was ruthless but also courageous, smart, and skillful. Alexander the...
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Free-standing Dionysos With a Panther When I arrived at the gallery I had the first statue I saw in mind for my essay. Then I came across a piece that seemed to steal my attention. I was absolutely captivated. I had noticed the Statue of Dionysos standing next to a small panther. This piece is believed to be from the...
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Introduction The Hellenistic period, spanning from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the rise of the Roman Empire in 31 BCE, marks a transformative era in architectural history. This period witnessed the expansion of Greek cultural influence across a vast territory stretching from Greece to Egypt and even into the Indian subcontinent. The architecture of the...
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From 431BC to 404BC two of the world’s most formidable superpowers, Athens and Sparta, engaged in one of early history’s longest and most brutal wars, The Peloponnesian War. Though both superpowers were located within close geographical proximity to one another, they were anything but similar regarding their cultural, diplomatic, and philosophical viewpoints. These three factors and perhaps more culminated together...
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I strongly think that the Parthenon marbles taken by Lord Elgin form Greece should be returned back to Greece because Lord Elgin did not have permission to take the marbles. The Greeks couldn’t do anything to stop Elgin at the time as they were part of the Ottoman Empire. All the other museums are retiring stolen artefacts so why shouldn’t...
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In most cultures, there is always a god or a variety of gods that the people of mankind worship and look up upon. These gods are associated with culture, and blessings and are seen to be of great power. In Greek Mythology, there were known to be twelve chief gods in total. Some of the greatest greek gods and goddesses...
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The scope of variety within the world of sculpture is profoundly oceanic. The rich domain of history, culture, appearance, and overall styles all differ substantially, evoking different sentiments and emotions. The sculptures that derive from different cultures all speak different volumes, but sculptures from Greek culture, in particular, are undeniably breathtaking due to their realism and vivid, lifelike detail. The...
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The Peloponnesian Wars (431 – 404BC), also known as the fall of Athens, demonstrated the power and capacity of the two of the strongest rival poleis in Ancient Greece, Athens, and Sparta, who were both competing for dominance. The two city-states varied across multiple aspects. Although the Athenians were well cultured and educated, had naval forces, and led the Delian...
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God's influence and contribution to the daily lives of the people of Earth realm. Each god possesses a set of unique talents and abilities that they’ve had ever since they were born. Gods like Mayari, have the ability to control the moon, Helios was blessed with the ability to control the sun, and Gods like Poseidon and Haik were blessed...
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Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey are poems centered around the events of the Trojan War. The Iliad recounts the events from the Trojan war during the final weeks whereas The Odyssey is a sequel telling the story of Odysseus and his journey back home. Within the poems, the role of gods and goddesses plays an integral part in influencing...
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Introduction Atlantis: The Lost Empire has been a movie I loved watching ever since I was little due to Milo, the dorky young scientist, who sets out on an adventure to discover the lost city of Atlantis with a questionable crew looking to capitalize on the mysterious power. The hues of blue throughout the movie and the magic of it...
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This essay will be answering about the relationship between gods and morals in Homer’s Odyssey and particularly how do the lives of mortals differ from those of the gods and also how similar they are, then drawing a conclusion from this. In Homer’s Odyssey, the major gods that share significant roles are Athena, Poseidon, Calypso, and Circe with minor gods...
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Introduction The Battle of Thermopylae stands as a pivotal moment in ancient Greek history, echoing through time as a testament to strategy, valor, and sacrifice. Occurring in 480 BCE, this confrontation between the Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire, under King Xerxes, was more than a mere clash of arms. It was a symbolic...
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Entasis in Antiquity Refinements of architecture play an essential role in shaping the visual image and structure of the building. Refinements are conscious decisions made by the architects to revise the otherwise strictly straight lines of the building for aesthetic or practical reasons. Entasis, a slight convex curve of the shaft of a column, is a refinement frequently embodied by...
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There have been many cases of Western Architecture that have been destroyed in acts of war, natural disasters, or because of structural integrity failure. In this paper, we will look into why some buildings were rebuilt, how they were rebuilt, and why some buildings weren’t built the same. Other topics that may be touched on here will also be temporary...
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