Billions of nerve cells make up the human brain. They are all connected, however in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) these connections are broken. The result is death of nerve cells and tissue damage which can result in a range of symptoms such as confusion, memory loss and difficulty competing daily tasks. There is currently no cure for AD. Gum disease, also...
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Introduction Every day, a significant percentage of the world's human population consumes food products such as bread, yoghurt or cheese and drinks beverages like beer or wine. These products are present on our tables for a long period of time, but only since 1919 word “biotechnology” has been used[1]. The meaning of this word changed over time, but now it...
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The Gram staining technique is one of the most significant staining methods used in microbiology. This method was named after Hans Christian Gram, a bacteriologist, who formulated it in 1882. It was published in 1884. Gram staining is used to identify bacteria and allows us to assort cells based on their different cell wall constituents. Gram staining distinguish between Gram...
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To determine and evaluate the virulence of the bacterial isolates against Cx. quinquefasciatus, the bioassay tests were carried out at 30 ± 1°C; against 100 late third instar larvae kept in 1000 ml sterile distilled water in glass beakers. Mortality was recorded at 24h intervals. 5 ml suspension (containing ≈109 bacteria/ml) of each of the bacterial isolates was mixed with...
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Biotechnology is an area of biology that uses biomolecular and cellular processes that occur in living organisms or biological systems to create products and develop technological applications. There are four main areas of applications: health care, food and nutrients processing, agriculture, environmental uses (Pandey, et al., 2008). In this essay I would like to focus on microbial biotechnology and it’s...
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Biotechnology is defined as using living organisms or their elements to create useful products for human benefits or to solve a problem. Historical examples of biotechnology are: fermentation, selective breeding, and the use of antibiotics. Modern examples of biotechnology consist of: Recombinant DNA technology and the Human Genome Project. There are about seven different applications involving biotechnology, but the one...
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Soil salinity is a major constraint that adversely affects crop yields in many parts of the world. About one billion hectares of land is adversely affected by salinity worldwide, due to flooding and ocean surge, soil salinity increases by 10% annually (FAO, 1988). High sodium ion (Na+) concentration which is the major cause of salinity is toxic to the plant...
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Programmed Cell Death Apoptosis is defined as programmed cell death. Apoptosis recently is not considered as the only cell death pathway since various cell death pathways are discovered. More accurately programmed cell death is defined as cell death that is dependent on genetically encoded signals or activities within the dying cell. Therefore, the designation programmed refers to the fixed pathway...
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Introduction Biotechnology is commonly characterized as use of living frameworks based on innovations to create business procedures and aimed to enhance the quality of human life. By using this “technology” the business or biological procedures can be improved, modified, for developing an effective pharmaceuticals, bioenergy, disease-resistant and high-yield crops as well as animals, and microbes for remediation in an efficient,...
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Introduction Fungal infections pose significant challenges in agriculture, medicine, and food preservation, leading to substantial economic losses and health concerns. The increasing resistance of fungi to conventional antifungal agents has prompted a search for alternative solutions, with plant extracts emerging as promising candidates. These natural compounds have been used traditionally for their antimicrobial properties, and recent scientific investigations have provided...
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An Overview Selection is frequency dependent when the fitness of a phenotype, genotype, or gene (or species) varies with its relative abundance in the population (or community) and hence can be detected only when measured at two or more frequencies. In “negative frequency-dependent selection,” fitness decreases with frequency and thus rare genotypes or species could be maintained at a stable...
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Biotechnology is a continuously evolving science that is affecting mankind’s day to day life. The extraordinary revolution in biotechnology has created new possibilities for curing diseases and manipulating our genetic heritage (Shahin Akhondzadeh, 2014). This essay aims to discuss the dependence of biotechnology and the ethical and social issues raised from it. Malaria, a parasite infection of red blood cells...
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Biotechnologically transformed bodies have been and continues to proliferate in dystopian literature. Situated in the spectrum of fear and excitement, Divergent and Oryx and Crake expose the inextricable connection between biopower and biotechnology. The negotiation between ethics and technological advancement leads to a complicated situation where the historical definition of ‘human’ is at stake. Both novels portray the age of...
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Subject Introduction The extravagance of life on earth which is called as the Biodiversity, is a basic component which shows the wellbeing of the biological systems on the Planet (Salazar J, 2010 ) Every species in the environment, regardless of how little or how huge, every one of them have their very own specialties and thus it upgrades the environment...
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Abstract Cancer is a frightful disease and represents one of the biggest health-care issues for the human race and demands a proactive strategy for cure. Exploration of natural product containing anticancer agent provide a promising line for research on cancer. Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera) is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. Several...
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Abstract In recent times there has been a great increase in the number of chronic lung diseases and lungs being one of the vital soft tissue organs of the body need transplantation or excision of the damaged tissue1,2. Though recent medical advances and transplantation procedures have saved numerous lives their efficiency to provide a better life outcome are suboptimal. Stem...
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Abstract We investigate whether a protein found in tardigrades called Damage suppressor, or Dsup, can help cells restart stalled replication forks in human cells. Tardigrades compose a phylum of microscopic animals known for their ability to survive extreme environmental conditions, and experiments have shown that Dsup prevents damage from accumulating in DNA (Hashimoto et al. 2016). Excessive stalled replication forks...
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Abstract Silver/Chitosan nanodispersion (Ag/CS) prepared by gamma ray was used to modify the thin-film composite reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The silver nitrate solutions were added to the chitosan solution with different concentrations of 5 to 20 (wt/wt %) and exposed to gamma radiation at different irradiation doses. The size of the silver/chitosan nanodispersion is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)....
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INTRODUCTION Plant disease is a dynamic process which affects the normal physiology and vital functions of plants. There are many factors which influence the disease development. Effect of host plant nutrition is one of the major factors among them. Host plant nutrition means the nutrition state of an organism .nutrition plays an inevitable role in the growth and development of...
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It is without a doubt that biotechnology has deep roots within agriculture that go back 1000s of years. The carrots we eat today weren’t always orange nor were they nearly as soft as we know them to be, the characteristics we recognize today were the result of selective breeding. Agricultural biotechnology put simply is the use of living organisms and...
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Agricultural technique has been discovered and has been around since the beginning of human civilization. The techniques developed over time, and humans endlessly put effort in making better agricultural products. In over a decade, agricultural biotechnology has grown rapidly. Agricultural biotechnology improves plants, animals and micro-organisms with the collection of scientific techniques developed by scientists. These techniques involve around the...
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ABSTRACT In the present study, GRAS microorganisms were used for the treatment of polluted river water. GRAS microorganisms are those microorganisms which are Generally Referred As Safe for humans. Bioremediation is one of the method to treat contaminated water, soil and air with the help of live microorganisms. Total four microorganisms were isolated from different water and cow dung samples...
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Abstract Resources in Indonesia are very large, especially sources that are food. One of the abundant resources in Indonesia is its fisheries resources, therefore the food must be processed in such a way as to have good quality and quality. Good quality and quality can help increase economic value and nutritional value in the community. There are many ways that...
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Microorganisms are extremely minute lifeforms which are omnipresent. These lifeforms exist in the most varied habitats of the world. Soil, water, excreta, etc are some of the richest sources of microorganisms especially of a wide variety of bacteria. A number of microbiological techniques are employed for the isolation and characterization of bacteria. Bacteria can be allowed to grow and multiply...
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Meat has always been an important part of our diet since it is a rich source of animal proteins. Due to the strong increase of the global population there is a strong increase in the demand for meat. As a result this will cause a strong growth in the livestock sector to keep up with the demand. Although need is...
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Agriculture is the main source of livelihood in most of the developing countries of the world. Studies indicate that around 60 percent of the world’s population is dependent on it for survival. Increased agricultural production can also significantly boost the economic development of a country. However, achieving desired levels of productivity is a challenge as it is influenced by various...
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„Invisible helpers”, that’s how we can call trillions of microscopic organisms, too small to be seen by the human eye, living in our organism. In fact, our own cells do not make even a half of the overall number of cells forming our bodies. We are huge ecosystems and home for variety of microbes, such as bacteria, archaea, protists, viruses...
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Introduction The advent of biotechnology in food and agriculture has ushered in a new era of innovation, promising enhanced crop yields, improved nutritional content, and sustainability. This transformative technology, however, is not without its ethical concerns. The integration of genetic engineering and other biotechnological advancements into food production systems raises a host of ethical questions, encompassing issues of safety, environmental...
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Introduction The intricate relationship between nutrition and oral health has been a subject of increasing interest in recent years. Oral bacteria, which are a natural component of the human microbiome, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health, but their balance can be disrupted by various dietary factors. Nutrition not only provides sustenance to the human body but also influences...
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Abstract Westernghat is one of the unique Biodiversity niches, with varied flora, fauna and Landscapes. The increasing demand for crop production with a significant reduction of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. Plant growth promoting bacteria has become of great interest to promote the crop growth and provide protection from phytopathogens. The use of PGPR...
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