Abstract Hydrogen energy has a great potential to become one of the clean energies of the future. The current use of hydrogen gas as an energy source still has problems, namely in the distribution and storage system. One solution to overcome these problems is to use the adsorption method. Zeolite material is considered to be a good material to be...
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Diffusion Theory or the Diffusion of Innovations, is a theory which breaks down the process of how people perceive, process and make decisions in regards to new information and products. Diffusion is defined as “the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system” (Rogers, 2010). The Diffusion Theory suggests...
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Intro If a long-term goal of the United States is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, one factor that must inevitably be worked on is the greenhouse gas emissions from cars burning gasoline. While it would be impractical to suggest that people stop using cars altogether, there are ways to create cars that would either drastically reduce or eliminate the emissions...
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While there are many names for the synthesized compound H2O2, the proper IUPAC name is Hydrogen Peroxide. It is called Hydrogen Peroxide because scientifically, the prefix “per” is used in inorganic acids when they have the highest amount of the element talked about in the base word. Hydrogen Peroxide is a colourless chemical compound made up of hydrogen and water....
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Abstract The experiment that was performed over two weeks served to examine how the amount of enzyme, amount of substrate, presence of inhibitor, or the magnitude of temperature changes the reaction rate between the enzyme and substrate present. The enzyme used in these experiments was peroxidase which was extracted from turnips and placed in flasks to be transferred into tubes...
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Abstract This paper introduces internet of things which connects the whole world through devices such as sensors, actuators and other embedded devices. Internet of things can be used in agriculture for efficient crop production. India is very much popular for crop production. As day by day the population increases, production of crops has to be increased. To produce more efficient...
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Introduction According to Giddings and Keller (2016), chromatography is a technique used to separate solutes from a mixture. It is widely used for separation and identification of biological compounds, or to analyse mixtures. An example of its use is separation of pigments from dyes. Identification of compounds is done by using retention factor values, simply known as Rf values. The...
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Introduction Spectrophotometer A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the transmittance or absorbance of a sample as a function of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation [1]. Hence, spectrophotometric methods are widely used to measure the concentration of a solute in a solution, and in this case, protein by determining its absorbance at 595nm [2]. A spectrophotometer consists of many parts....
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Pollution of chicken meat and its products by heavy metals is important for human diet in all over the world because they contribute to solve the global food problems and provide the well-known protein, fat, essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients and they also have a milder flavor which is more readily complemented with flavoring and sauces. Environmental...
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Canning salt, pickling salt, kosher sat, regular salt and Himalayan salt-- which is which? All the salt choices can be quite confusing. This article breaks it down for you so you know exactly which salt jar to reach for depending on your needs! One key ingredient in the process of pickling is salt. Does it matter what kind of salt...
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Introduction In our IB biology class, we’ve learned about enzymatic reaction and we’ve done the experiment on that unit. The experiment was about the rate of enzymatic reaction of lactosemilk by using an enzyme called lactase at different temperatures. At different temperatures, the rate of reaction changed. I was interested in this topic because there were more factors, not only...
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Introduction An experiment was carried out to determine the pH status of beer and wine. Three different techniques to measure the samples status of acid or alkali were used; litmus paper, pH meter and titration. PH is a way of expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. PH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with 7 being neutral...
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Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the absorbance and concentration of two samples (2% milk and almond milk) compared to standard concentrations. The absorbances were found through spectrophotometry of each sample. The result of this test showed that the amount of protein in the 2% milk and almond milk were less than the majority of the standard...
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Introduction Infrared Spectroscopy is the study of matter and its interaction with electromagnetic radiation and it can be used in order to determine the functional group within a sample (2). When infrared light hits a certain molecule it can cause pulling and bending between the bonds present, which also determined the amount of absorbance there is. The intensity of an...
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Abstract Process industries produce products that many people can use, but they also yield pollution to the environment. This paper focuses on the significance of sustainable development and processes that are environmentally friendly and integrate the role of green engineering in designing these processes. Green process engineering defines the development of new technologies that reduce pollution generated by the industries....
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Introduction The variation in phenotype amongst all organimsis can be produced by genetic different and ifluences from the environment. Whilst this field is widely and effectively investigated, Phase variation remains significantly untouched in the field of research. (Astauroff, 1930; Falconer and Mackay, 1996). Phase variation, being the difference in phenotypgic expression caused by the effect of environmental factors on the...
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Heavy metals can be defined as having high-density atomic weight or the atomic number, for example, heavy metals can be distinguished based on density. Some heavy metals are either essential nutrients usually Iron, cobalt, and zinc or relatively harmless such as ruthenium, silver, and indium. Other heavy metals like cadmium, mercury and lead which are considered highly toxic. Heavy metals...
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ABSTRACT The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low carbohydrate, and restricted protein diet that was framed in the 1920’s as an alternative therapy for refractory epilepsy. Refractory epilepsy poses high risk of morbidity and mortality for pediatric population. It is a desirable treatment modality for refractory epilepsy in children. The ketogenic diet can be used by people of...
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Comparing the protein concentration of unstimulated and stimulated tears, the data displayed an equal variance with a T test P-value of 0.224. The P-value signifies there was no significant difference in protein concentration between stimulated and unstimulated tears. Fullard and Snyder (1990) concluded eight out the twelve proteins of tear concentration were found to be significantly higher in unstimulated tears...
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ABSTRACT High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a chromatographic process used in the fields of analytical chemistry, biochemistry and industrial separation of a mixture of compounds. The key objectives for using HPLC are the detection, quantification and purification of the mixture's specific components.HPLC plays an important and critical role in the pharmaceutical industry as it is used to test the products...
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Introduction The ethanol biofuel industry represents a critical component of the renewable energy landscape, offering an alternative to fossil fuels that can help mitigate climate change and reduce dependency on non-renewable resources. Ethanol, primarily produced from biomass such as corn, sugarcane, or cellulosic materials, has gained prominence due to its ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions when blended with gasoline....
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Introduction Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is red-brown odorless crystal, stable in air but photosensitive so it should be protected from light, also small amount of moisture with light is enough to photodegrade sodium nitroprusside. Beside the photodegradation, sodium nitroprusside undergoes many reactions which some of them are undefined, or it yields Prussian blue, cyanic acid and nitric oxide [1,2]. Sodium nitroprusside...
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Even though many researches have looked over the short-term consequences of a ketogenic diet in bringing down the weight in obese patients, its long-term outcomes on different physical and biochemical factors are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To find out the results of a 24-week ketogenic diet which comprised of 30 g carbohydrate, protein equivalent to 1 g/kg body weight, 20%...
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Analysis High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with the Pre-Column Fluorescence Derivatization is a method in which the separation and ultra-sensitive detection of a substances occur. This sensitive method simultaneously detects eight amino acids (AAs); glycine, alanine, serine, glutamic Acid, arginine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. These AAs has been developed and validated in different species of tea. Moreover, the method was...
432
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Introduction Coconut husk is a waste product in the coconut industry and has a capability of being an adsorbent in certain constituents. Surface runoff in metal rich soil are ignored as it is known to be a natural phenomenon that is costly and difficult if it is to overcome. Valuable metals could still be hoarded as natural adsorbents exist in...
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Introduction High levels of salt concentration can have detrimental effects to the plants that are growing there. Rising salinity levels is one of the biggest attributes to the lack of growth within a plant population (Qados 2011). Salt concentrations in soils worldwide create problems each year and lead to loses of crop or even single plants (Garcia, Dattamundi, Chanda, Jayachandran...
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Introduction The multi-exposure to various mycotoxins may lead to additive, synergic or antagonist toxic effects (Ficheux et al, 2012) to humans and animals. This may cause chronic and acute diseases thereby calling for food safety measures. Many countries have setup strict regulations for mycotoxin control in food and feed and established legislation to control their possible contamination (Juan et al.,...
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Abstract The aim of green chemistry is not only to reduce the hazard substances and eliminate destructive environmental impact, it also aims to search for new, improve and efficient methods for chemical synthesis. The green chemistry techniques that are discussed in this research paper are: Sonochemistry, microwave-assisted in organic synthesis, solvent-free in organic synthesis, and alternative solvents. Green chemistry techniques...
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Bio-ethanol as alternatives source of energy Bioethanol is obtained from plant biomass based waste materials or renewable sources. It can be used as a fuel, chemical feedstock, and solvent in various industries. It has certain advantages as petroleum substitutes, alcohol can be produced from a number of renewable resources, alcohol as fuel burns cleaner than petroleum this aspect is environmentally...
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Introduction Ecological pH testing plays a pivotal role in understanding the health and functionality of various ecosystems. The pH level, a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, is vital in influencing the chemical and biological processes within an environment. It affects nutrient availability, microbial activity, and the toxicity of chemicals, thereby shaping the ecosystem's overall health. This...
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