Distilled water has a pH of seven (neutral) and most plants grow best with a soil pH of 6, as most have adapted to places in the world with slightly acidic rain. Most plants cannot grow with a pH under six, as necessary micro nutrients for growth usually cannot survive in the acidity. The best pH solution for green beans...
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Introduction Global warming, a significant and escalating concern, stems largely from the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the Earth's atmosphere. Among the myriad of strategies proposed to mitigate this phenomenon, biofuels have emerged as a promising solution. Derived from biological materials, biofuels offer a renewable energy source that could potentially reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. However, the efficacy...
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Abstract Salinity is an abiotic stress factor which affects the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants. In order to investigate the effects of different concentrations (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mM) of NaCl on some morphological and physiological parameters in Roselle, an experiment was conducted using a simple randomized design with three replicates. The results showed that salt stress...
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Plant in focus The Allium Cepa is a vegetable, commonly known as the Onion. It is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium as it is valued for its flavours, antioxidant and therapeutic properties (Joshi & Sawant 2012). It belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family, consisting of mainly perennial and bulbous flowering plants (Taxonomy and etymology of Onions 2019)....
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The mass of each will be recorded at 24 hours and then again at 48 hours, to provide data for an approximate curve of when osmosis is fastest to when or if the line plateau’s out, indicating that equilibrium has been reached. These curves between each concentration of solution can be compared to create a visual comparison of osmosis. A...
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First we need to know what is diet? Diet is a special plan to preserve or maintain our body shape from being fat or slim, dieting is a pattern of eating food in a managed and regulated style to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight. Another meaning of diet, it is conscious control or limitation of the eating regimen. A...
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Have you learned that salt is bad for you if you take too much up to this day? And do you know how much salt a human body needs in a single day for every meal. Mostly, Malaysians do not know how much to take with each meal due to lack of awareness in this matter. The adults often take...
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Microbes are the organisms not able to be seen from naked eye. They play various roles in our daily life used as in biofuel production, biofertilization etc. Biofuel Energy products such as alchohols, diesel, hydrogen, biogas produced by the help of microorganisms are called biofuels. Microorganisms help in fermentation process or provide essential enzymes and help in the production of...
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Phytoconstituents are defined as the chemical compounds that can be found naturally in plants where the word phyto means “plant” in Greek. Isolation and purification of phytoconstituents is the most difficult and complex operation in phytopharmaceutical research. Plant extracts are complex mixtures which contain hundreds or thousands of different constituents. Plant constituents presence in a crude extract make the isolation...
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Introduction In today’s time where the world is facing a financial global crisis the oil prices being dropped down to an extent where water is more expensive. We all could conclude one thing that we need a better ecofriendly and sustainable source of energy. Petroleum has been the back bone of all most all major industries post the industrialization era...
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Introduction The urgent need to mitigate climate change and reduce dependency on fossil fuels has spurred significant interest in alternative energy sources. Among these, hydrogen fuel stands out as a promising option for powering engines with minimal environmental impact. Hydrogen fuel engines offer the potential for zero-emission vehicles, as their only byproduct is water. This essay explores the fabrication of...
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Obesity rates in America are skyrocketing, which is causing Americans to obtain diseases. The over consumption of added salt, sugar, and lack of exercise are the main causes to the obesity crisis. According to Marcia Clemmitt, a veteran social-policy reporter who served as editor in chief of Medicine and Health, 'some analysts say the key culprit to the nations sky...
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Introduction/Problem In 2015, California wineries came under scrutiny after wine containing illegal and dangerously high levels of poisonous inorganic arsenic was found, according to a lawsuit filed in Los Angeles. (Schiavone, 2015). These brands were very popular and cheap and there was a total of eighty-three (83) brands under scrutiny. No wineries issued recalls, and no retailers pulled wine from...
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Chemistry deals with the conversion of substances into new substances through the formation and breakage of chemical bond. This conversion may happen at different speed. Some reaction happens instantaneously whereas some takes millions of years to happen. Reaction rates are of great importance. The feasibility of a chemical reaction particularly a commercial chemical process often depends on the reaction rate...
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Introduction The burgeoning demand for renewable energy sources has catalyzed a global interest in innovative and sustainable solutions. Ethanol, an alternative biofuel, stands out due to its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate reliance on fossil fuels. Traditionally sourced from crops like corn and sugarcane, ethanol production has faced criticism for its impact on food supply and land...
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Industries across the globe are major contributors of heavy metals. The amount of wastewater generated by domestic, industrial and commercial sources has increased in relation with the increasing population, urbanization, improved living standards of humans, and economic development. In many low income countries, both urban and non-urban areas of most developing countries depends, at least to a certain extent on...
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Abstract TheEarthis rich in oil and natural gas also have huge deposits of salt-below the surface. Recognizing if a subsurface objective is salt or not consequently and precisely is of indispensable significance to oil penetrating. Be that as it may, sadly, acquiring the exact situation of enormous salt stores is troublesome. Proficient seismic imaging despite everything requires the understanding of...
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Introduction Biology may be a scientific study of life within which we examine the essential components to living things and their key habits to survival. to grasp this process, we first have a look at the organism’s cell. The cell was discovered and derived because the basic unit of life by British scientist, scientist. From his study, he concocted the...
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The Joint European Torus (JET) reactor located at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) is currently the world’s largest magnetically confined plasma experiment for the realisation of nuclear fusion to generate low-carbon electricity (CCFE, 2020). Fusion scientists have been striving to exceed plasma energy breakeven, and thus show that nuclear fusion is a viable means for humanity to generate almost...
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This paper presents the electrochromic (EC) characteristics of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoflakes array prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method with different ammonia concentration. Prepared NiO films have porous structure with 2-dimensionally networked nanoflake arrays. The addition of aqueous ammonia significantly affects the growth of NiO film. Moreover, appropriate amount addition of aqueous ammonia is important in obtaining a balanced...
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The application of copper in the soil medium at a level of up to 4 times higher than the MPC contributed to an increase in the activity of cellulose-destroying microorganisms to 16 relative per cent. A further increase in the level of copper pollution to 10 times higher than the MPC of Cu was accompanied by a significant suppression of...
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Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory skin disorder resulting from disruption of the epithelial barrier and inflammation. A wide range of treatments are currently available for AD, aimed to restore impaired skin barrier and control inflammation. In order to avoid systemic therapy, the soak and smear technique, the wet-wrap treatment (WWT) with physiologic lipid-based barrier repair therapy...
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Introduction The use of copper in motherboards is a subject of considerable interest in the field of computing technology. As the backbone of a computer, the motherboard is responsible for ensuring efficient communication between the various components of a system. Copper plays a critical role in this regard due to its superior electrical conductivity, thermal properties, and durability. These characteristics...
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Abstract This Paper describes the tuning of PID (proportional integral and derivative) by using a technique which is generally known as Particle Swarm Optimization. The technique reloves around the iterative method in terms of approach. In Reverse Osmosis System the method is used to adjust the pH level of the water in the system. The Particle Swarm Optimization is used...
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The concentration level of heavy metals (Pb, As, Cu and Fe) were assessed in five boreholes waters from Ikono Urban. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer was used to analyze the water samples. The results showed that Pb ranged from 0.15±0.040 - 0.40±0.094 mg/L; As, 0.05±0.008-0.10±0.041 mg/L; Cu, 0.02±0.008-0.06±0.016 mg/L and Fe, 0.20±0.016 - 0.37±0.025 mg/L. The concentration levels of Pb and As...
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Bioremediation Bioremediation is the biological processes to mitigate unwanted environmental impact by the removal of contaminants from the biosphere. It includes biological treatment of contaminated media, including subsurface material, waste water, soil and groundwater, food & agricultural waste, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants.Some of the examples of bioremediation includes rhizofiltration, bioaugmentation,...
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Introduction In this assignment Titratable acidity (TA) and pH are methods used to measure levels of acidity. In this experiment pH testing and Titratable Acidity measurements were carried out on fresh milk and buttermilk. The purpose of this assignment was to determine the acidity levels in fresh milk and buttermilk and then by using a pH meter to determine the...
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A regular physical activity program is another cornerstone of diabetes care. Much attention must be paid to choosing the most suitable activity. The duration, intensity and frequency should be advised by your doctor or the team of specialists who follow you. The total amount of carbohydrates introduced each day with the diet must be such as to provide between 45...
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Introduction An ergogenic aid is an external influence, both legal and illegal which positively affects sporting performance. The legality of ergogenic aids is controlled by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) (Kayser et al, 2007). Buck et al (2013) stated that a legal ergogenic aid in sport can provide athletes with additional opportunity to enhance their performance beyond training alone. There...
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Introduction The browning of an apple or other foods like potatoes and bananas are something that we have all seen in our everyday life. This phenomenon is caused by the interaction of enzymes, that are naturally found in plants, with oxygen. These enzymes oxidize to create the brown colour that we are familiar with. Enzymes are natural catalysts that help...
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