Introduction DNA fingerprinting, a powerful tool in modern forensic science, has revolutionized the way we approach identification and verification in both criminal justice and personal identification. Developed in the mid-1980s by Sir Alec Jeffreys, this technique leverages the unique genetic makeup inherent in individuals to create a biological signature. DNA fingerprinting involves analyzing specific sequences within the human genome that...
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Introduction DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a rich source of evidence used in forensic investigations. It is extracted from the nucleus from biological samples such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine and the hair of the root. Every individual has a unique DNA sequence. This is known as a âprofileâ. In the 1980s, Alec Jefferey (14) had discovered that a...
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Abstract This paper will discuss the methods and applications of gel electrophoresis. This researcher will address the production of a gel from agarose and a buffer solution. The role of the gel, the buffer solution, and the intricacies of the electrophoresis machine will be capitalized upon. The laboratory experiences of this researcher in extracting DNA from plant-based materials will be...
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The process of DNA Electrophoresis is very intricate; there are many factors that can push the experiment either way. If done right Electrophoresis can help change the world in a dramatic way. The most advanced discoveries have come from DNA Electrophoresis like: cloning, DNA Fingerprinting, and the discovery of DNAâs shape and form it takes. DNA Electrophoresis is a long...
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DNA is composed of three parts- a phosphate group, a 5-carbon (pentose) sugar called deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base. In DNA, there are four kinds of nitrogenous bases. These bases are called adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). DNA is a negatively charged particle, and its negative charge comes from the phosphate component. âThe backbone of DNA...
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Introduction You have asked me to research DNA test kits, which are tests that analyze a sample of an individualâs DNA and look for specific characteristics associated with different conditions. These tests can reveal genealogical information, health information, and also establish legal paternity. DNA tests can also be used in forensic science to help solve active cases. Background DNA, which...
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Introduction Shelf life of food is the maximum time that the food produce can be stored, during which duration the quality remains acceptable for storage. Food industries face major challenges in storage and transportation after harvesting of fruits due their highly perishable nature. Ripening is followed by decaying due to accumulation of toxic components which Is the result of increased...
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The use of DNA evidence in courts have grown in recent years, in fact, DNA testing has over the years helped law enforcement identify as well as solve difficult crimes. DNA evidence has over the years has helped prove that most convicted people are, in fact, innocent. However, although DNA evidence can be accurate, there is often a danger of...
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DNA isolation is a process that deals with the purification of DNA from a given sample with the help of physical and chemical methods. According to -, DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Of recent, it is a routine procedure used in both molecular biology and forensic analyses. In regards to the chemical method, there are many...
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Introduction The manipulation of DNA represents one of the most fascinating and controversial advancements in modern science and biotechnology. DNA, the molecular blueprint of life, dictates the genetic makeup of all living organisms. The ability to alter this genetic code offers tremendous opportunities, as well as significant ethical concerns. From the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to the potential...
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Introduction The question of how to define what a species is has been a contentious issue for as long as the concept has been around. Even without a consensus on definitions the idea of a species is fundamental to all fields of biology, especially so with evolutionary biology. The term âI know it when I see itâ can be a...
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ABSTRACT To take complete advantage of the large and rapidly increasing body of sequence information, advanced technologies are very much required. Among the most powerful tools for genomics are high-density arrays of oligonucleotides or cDNAs. Exploration of the genome using DNA microarray should narrow the gap in our knowledge between gene function and molecular biology. Nucleic acid arrays or simply...
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For those that watch television crime dramas, the use of DNA evidence appears to be the final nail in the conviction coffin. Television portrays DNA as direct evidence; evidence that proves the existence of the fact without the use of interferences or presumptions. In reality, DNA is wholly circumstantial in nature. In this paper I will be focusing on what...
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Many believe that DNA is the silver bullet in a crime scene investigation, to which I strongly disagree. Quoting Chris Alpen, âDNA can never replace a thoughtful, creative detective with the right resourcesâ, and that âtechnology is ultimately a system run by humans where mistakes can and will be made, regardless of how advanced it is.â DNA is powerful in...
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Life is a DNA driven programme and death results from its technical failure. Protein and DNA were evolved naturally from the gas present in the environment of the primitive world. It was the effect of high voltage thunderbolts and asteroid hits on the surface of the earth. Millions of years ago passage of the high voltage energy across the environmental...
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Abstract An important method used in biology is plasmid purification. What makes this method so important is because a purified plasmid sample is essential for many experiments, including important techniques like DNA sequencing. Purified E.coli plasmid pBR322 using gel electrophoresis and a calibration curve were used in this experiment to quantify the size of the purified plasmid. Examples were examined...
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The origin of DNA fingerprinting was discovered in 1984 by Dr Alec Jeffreys (Jackson and Jackson, 2011, p. 158). Over the decades, with technical developments in genetics, the original DNA fingerprinting procedure has undertaken a variety of modifications and refinements. DNA profiling has become so precise and sensitive that in the United Kingdom it is no longer allowed to be...
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In the last few decades there has been an increasing interest on how genes affect childrenâs learning processes and development. Nowadays, researchers are trying to find out what exactly is contributing in education, what are the important outcomes any educational professional should know and how education can be improved. Biological factors are actually being measured in different studies to be...
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Abstract In this Research Paper, the reader will be able to learn what is the meaning, the purpose, and how DNA databases are used. DNA databases are not just lists of DNA collected by law enforcement from individuals and crime scenes, and they are also created by profit and non-profit organizations. This paper also has my personal opinion as the...
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Everything in the universe is made of plenty of different types of atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and so on, but plenty of them do not have life; for example, they can be clothes, machines, papers, and so on. Even though they do not have life, they are very useful for human beingsâ life, so we need to be...
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Abstract Through the lens of this experiment, it shows that the gene Rfp encoding, a mutant of the red fluorescent protein - a product of the coral Discosoma striata, AmilCp encoding for the blue chromoprotein from Acropora millespora were duplicated into a pTTQ18 plasmid vector. Accompanied with the amplified PCR of the DNA fragments encoding carrying the Rfp and AmilCp...
DNA
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Abstract The exploitation of shark species to satisfy the high market demand is now becoming a worldwide concern since the numbers for many species of these apex predators are now declining at an alarming rate. Shark DNA extracted from shark samples collected from the Australian fisheries management, amplified and used for identification. Although there are different methods of identifying a...
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DNA database plays an important role in the world, specifically the criminal and forensic world. DNA database, in this case forensic DNA database. The term DNA database refers to a collection of DNA samples and any other evidence stored as DNA profiles. DNA database could be extremely useful during criminal investigations. For example comparing a DNA sample, specifically taken from...
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Introduction DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vital coding that makes up the entirety of an organism (Lesk, 2005). These long, double helix structures contain four nucleotides which sequentially create nucleic acids, then consequently combine in different ways to form specific proteins that perform various tasks for the organism during its lifetime (Sanderson, 2007). Once the animal reproduces, this genetic coding...
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Abstract DNA analysis is very important in forensics as it is a method to discover a victim or perpetuator of a crime. The study done was to extract DNA using a buccal swab and analyse it using a capillary gel electrophoresis which was then compared to determine the perpetuator of a crime. The DNA was extracted, quantity of DNA determined...
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Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid, often abbreviated to DNA, is found in the nucleus of the cells of almost all living organisms on earth. DNA contains the genetic instructions for making proteins and how an organism will develop, live and reproduce, and is often referred to the building block of life for organisms (reference). DNA is arranged in a spiralling double helix...
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Rationale Regarding the claim made that âSex linked genetic diseases affect more males than femalesâ, many queries and investigations were raised. These then led to questions such as âWhat is a sex-linked genetic disease?â and âWhat are inheritance patterns?â. The claim did not specify what kind of diseases were studied and what quantitative number of males were affected and that...
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Introduction Over the years, rapidly advancing technology and new scientific theories have resulted in growth in many areas of scientific thought. Scientists of the past who had endless questions about the human anatomy and the interesting nature of genes have discovered that most of the answers lie in a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which carries genetic instructions for the...
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Introduction Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) serves as the blueprint for all living organisms, dictating cellular function and heredity. However, DNA is not a static entity; it is subject to damage from various endogenous and exogenous sources. When DNA damage occurs, the integrity of the genetic code is threatened, necessitating complex repair mechanisms to maintain genomic stability. DNA repair defects arise when...
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INTRODUCTION ARBITRARY PRIMED PCR The Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) is a type of PCR which is also known as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). It is based on DNA fingerprinting technique in which primers are used whose nucleotide sequence is arbitrarily chosen. After the invention of PCR it was realized that short primer would bind on several locations...
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