Forest certification is a mechanism by which an independent organization issues a written assurance that a product, service or process meets specific requirements (Auld, Gulbrandsen, & McDermott, 2008). This may be followed by issuance of a symbol on products from certified companies, to easily identify them in the market. The idea of forest certification is aimed at rewarding foresters who...
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The Australian Great Barrier Reef is an ecosystem exhibiting the greatest heritage of natural resources and diversity of organisms on planet earth. The Great Barrier Reef exists along the northeastern coast of Australia and extends above the approximated distance of 2300 kilometers (Richards, p. 2). It has a wide variety of plants and animals that exist within its boundaries. Some...
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In the past 139years, the warming trend that we are having now has never experienced by earth before (NASA, 2020). In fact, the World Meteorological Organisation has stated that since 1980s, each decade has been warmer than the previous one. Though the scientific evidence seems devastating in favour of global warming, there are those, for very few reasons, who considers...
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There are many consequences for the environment of cutting down trees. Known as deforestation it has huge effects on the environment. It one very big effect is the loss of biodiversity which is a direct effect of cutting down trees. There are many reasons of which humans act out deforestation. For example is so that we can set up cattle...
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In this world of fast fashion and consumer culture, it’s easy to be caught up in a plethora of colour and pattern and knee-high leather boots. It’s easy to give yourself over to momentary wants and “needs” and lose sight of the bigger picture, but unfortunately, the picture is this – the fashion industry is the second largest polluter in...
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How is business contributing to the issue? About 33% of the plastic that contaminates our territory and seas are from food coverings. Today almost every aspect of our food coverings has plastic whether the potato chips packet or ice cream cup whether our favourite refreshment beverage or filtered water bottle, whether expresso coffee or carbonated drink not to forget those...
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Abstract Coral reefs are increasingly subjected to both local and global stressors, however, there is limited information on how reef organisms respond to their combined effects under natural conditions. This field study examined the growth response of the damselfish Neopomacentrus bankieri to the individual and combined effects of multiple abiotic factors. Turbidity, temperature, tidal movement, and wave action were recorded...
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In this research, we are going to explore the adverse effects of pollution on our environment. Pollution is the process of contaminating the environment (Oxford advanced learners dictionary pg 900). This causes discomfort, disorder, instability or even harm to physical features and living things of a place. It comes in various forms, but the main four are air, water, soil...
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Fracking has been used widely in the US, and it is believed to offer great potential for crucial new sources of gas and oil supply. Currently, “hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has been used extensively in the US and Canada since the 1950s and offers the potential for significant new sources of oil and gas supply” (Goodman et al., 2016, para. 1)....
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Invented in the 1940s and now used in over 90 percent of U.S. drilling operations, hydraulic fracturing is a method of extraction of natural gas and oil that involves injecting fluid in high pressures in order to crack the geological formation such as rocks that contain the hydrocarbon. The fluid composition consists of 90 to 98 percent water, a proppant...
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The Great Barrier Reef is located off the east coast of the Queensland mainland, Australia with a latitude of -18.193182° N and longitude of 147.45079° E. The reef covers 344,400 square kilometres earning the title of world’s largest reef, containing 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres and over 2,900 individual reefs. (figure 1) The reef is under great threat...
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Did you know that our oceans sustain human and animal life? Oceans will feed a billion, individuals a healthy meal, every day, forever . However, now the oceans are being filled and killed by throwaway plastics. Did you know that the equivalent of one garbage truck of plastic is dumped in the sea every minute. This works out to be...
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The Sahara Desert is the worlds largest desert area. The word Sahara comes from the Arabic word sahra, meaning desert. It extends from the Africas Atlantic Ocean side to the Red Sea and consists of the countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, and Sudan. It is about 5,200 miles long. Overall, the Sahara Desert covers...
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Climate change is known as a major problem that is long term in the world with massive and permanent ramifications. Over the years, the climate has changed drastically due to natural processes, but in the last 100 years, these changes have accelerated more than any such changes the planet has seen in the recorded history of mankind. The primary reason...
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The cost of producing and distributing electricity from depletable energy resources continues to grow more and more expensive over the years. In connection to this, the use of renewable energy can greatly contribute to a cleaner environment and a good alternative source of electricity. Collecting energy from vibration or pressure is possible because of the element called piezoelectric. Piezoelectricity is...
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Focus of Essay The 21st century has been characterized by growing environmental concerns. Today, it is becoming obvious for many people that humanity has a great effect on nature, and researchers propose new ways of reducing this impact. Recycling is one of the areas, which receive much attention in terms of environmental protection, and there are several points of view...
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Have we ever contemplated of how our society would be like without litter? We tend to throw any piece of trash at our disposal on the ground not thinking that, that small piece of trash finds other trash which later on builds up into piles of junk. Littering has become common in many cities around the world and if not...
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As stated earlier, rainy days are enjoyed by people of all ages. The kids are probably the most excited lot of all. Rainy days bring pleasant weather and uplift the moods of kids. Moreover, it gives them a chance to step out and play in the rain, jump in the puddles and make paper boats. Similarly, for students, a rainy...
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Introduction Petroleum and natural gas have been at the forefront of global energy production for over a century, shaping economies and societies in profound ways. These fossil fuels have powered the industrial revolution, facilitated global transportation, and provided the raw materials for countless products. Despite the rise of renewable energy sources, petroleum and natural gas remain integral to energy systems...
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Its estimated that most oil spills occur because of daily operations, mostly in oil or port terminals. However, there are still occasions where oil spills occur due to oil exploration, extraction and production or through transporting oil by sea and these vessels crashing or running aground (Fingas, 2019). These tend to have great impacts on the local marine biodiversity. An...
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Throughout history, the United States has had many catastrophic and costly natural disasters, some of which have caused billions of dollars in damage, and the number of dangerous phenomena is only increasing. Hurricanes are one of the most potent forces of the elements, which cause significant destruction, great damage to economic facilities, and lead human casualties. To prevent the frequent...
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The fossil fuels nowadays are the primary sources of energy for industrial, agricultural and community needs. More than 80% of the energy in the world comes from the fossil fuels (Cherian 36). Among them are natural gas, oil, coal and in some cases wood. They are very convenient because they produce enormous amounts of energy when burned. At the same...
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Water pollution has become a significant concern because it adversely affects plants, humans, and animals. River pollution is caused by a wide variety of factors, but combined sewerage overflows (CSOs) are the main source of contamination in New York City Rivers (Wang 1373). Combined sewer systems are used to transport stormwater, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater to treatment plants (Wang...
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Global warming and the water crisis is the title of a paper written by Kanae Shinjiro addressing the main issues that affect the earth resultant of global warming including the water crisis (860-864). For a long time, people often thought that water security was an issue revolving around drinking water. However, the water crisis has now been associated with the...
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As population levels and consumption patterns continue to increase the impact on natural resources also increases. Conservation of the natural environment and economic development are slowly being recognized as being on the same side of the coin, rather than representing opposing faces. Development is seen as a way of funding conservation efforts, or as the process through which technology or...
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Poor solid waste management is a common environmental issue that not only affects developed, but developing countries as well. Landfills, recycling failures, and poor waste transfers characterize it (Environment Victoria, 2015). Poor waste management is an environmental issue because it not only creates “eyesores,” but also emits toxins, leachate, and greenhouse gases (Environment Victoria, 2015). These characteristics cause environmental pollution...
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The process of converting waste materials into a new material or object that is useful is known as recycling. It prevents the wastage of some useful materials and is responsible for reducing the consumption of the new material. Recycling is a process that acts as an excellent help for the earth's environment as it reduces energy usage, air pollution, and...
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Global warming (climate change) is a topic discussed worldwide. A long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system has shown negative effects in many environments and populations. In the article, “Climate Change: How Do We Know?” from The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), “The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is...
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Introduction Waste management is often regarded as an important components of proper resource management strategy. In general, wastes should be removed from the manufacturing zone in order not to violate fire safety rules, or not to decrease the working comfort of the employees. The aim of this paper is to offer the most appropriate solutions for waste management by analyzing...
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Greywater Definition Water is vital for the creation and sustainability of life on the planet and is essential for growing crops. Because the majority of water on Earth is salty and is not appropriate for irrigation purposes, the scientific community should assess the possibility of greywater use and its effects on the crops. This endeavor would increase the amount of...
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