More than 2,000 years ago, traders opened the transcontinental passage that connects Asia, Europe and Africa, nowadays known as the Silk Road. Trading ships created sea routes connecting the East with the West, forming the maritime Silk Road. These ancient silk routes opened windows of dialogue between peoples and nations. The modern China of the beginning second millennium A.D. under...
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Would anyone assume that a young man who grew up from humble beginnings in a small Jewish middle-class family be responsible for the largest Ponzi schemes in American history? A young Hofstra graduate with a bachelor's degree in Political Science and hopes and aspirations to work on Wall Street. Bernie Lawrence Madoff was born on April 29, 1938, in Queens,...
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The greater aspect of utilizing capital budgeting models are limited income models. These models center around task's money inflow are outpourings while contemplating periodic estimation of money. Most significant and well known capital planning strategy has been Net Present Value (NPV). The NPV strategy registers the present estimation of all normal future incomes relying upon adequate pace of return. The...
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Money is a little bit different for a billionaire. Compared to an average american, a trip on a yacht is like a subway ride. A sports car is like a toy car. And a private island is like buying a home (Business Insider). Billionaires aren't the 1%, they're the .0001%. They can make a call and meet with a world...
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Costco Wholesale Corporation has performed well over the last five fiscal years (2015 through 2019). Net sales have increased by 30 per cent over the last 5 years. Comparable sales growth is accomplished by increasing the frequency of shopping from both new and existing members. Comparable sales growth is accomplished by increasing the frequency of shopping from both new and...
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Introduction The Pakistani banking sector has witnessed a paradigm shift in marketing strategies over recent years. This transformation is driven by technological advancements, changing consumer behavior, and increased competition. Banks in Pakistan are adopting innovative approaches to reach and engage their customers more effectively. From digital marketing campaigns to personalized services, the industry is evolving to meet the demands of...
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One man about escaped from one of the biggest bank schemes in the world totaling a cash amount of $13.375 billion dollars (SIPA). The name, Bernie Madoff, was one of the most talked about person during 2008 to 2009. He was arrested in late 2008 just on, “a criminal complaint alleging one count of securities fraud” (The United States Department...
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Introduction Funding for scientist’s research can be attained in many different ways through internal or external grants. External grants may include financial support from local organizations, state and central government organizations, international organizations, corporate sectors and non-government organizations (Parija et al, 2012). Depending on where this financial support may come from, for example if the funding comes from a source...
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In a school, the students and district needs almost always overshadow the available resources required to meet the school’s needs. Budgeting is all about forming priorities. This includes budgeting fiscal, human, and physical resources. Decision making regarding priorities has to be driven by student achievement. A lot of times, it is obvious that the student needs are much more than...
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The main perpetrators in Enron’s fraud scheme were Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andy Fastow, Louis Borget, Thomas Mastroeni, Lou Pai, and Tim Belden. In addition, the accounting firm Arthur Anderson, the law firm Vinson and Elkins, and various banks were also involved. Kenneth Lay was the founder, chairman, and CEO of Enron. He convinced shareholders to invest in the company...
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At its least advanced, the Enron outrage is regarding falsity, the complexities of release and a framework that prizes organizations for what they give the impression of being like on paper. Obviously, it goes much more profound than that, since it's in addition a tale regarding however an oversized variety of people lost their assets by buying stock in a...
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HISTORY OF ENRON Enron was one of the largest US-based companies formed by Kenneth Lay in the year 1985. It has become an interstate and intrastate natural gas pipeline company. It offered its services to thousands of customers around the world. Enron had three main business units ranging wholesale service, retail energy service, broadband service and transportation. The wholesale service...
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Gender Equity, as previously discussed, is ensuring equal opportunities, obligations and rights. This term was first tossed at the Beijing platform for Action by Islamic fundamentalists in 1995. Also Vatican followers joined hands who sought to divide their property to their kids according to their needs not equally, in their gender specific roles. According to our study, emotional intelligence plays...
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What the heck is Enron? Let me tell you. Enron formed through a merger in 1985 between two energy companies, yeah that’s what it was by the way, an energy company. It was founded by a man named Kenneth Lay, you might want to remember that name. Enron was a fantastic company and very attractive for investors. In 2000 they...
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The word justice is associated with many aspects of society today; social justice, criminal justice and environmental justice just to name a few. However, all of these subsections have one thing in common, a societal outlook past individual gratification or concern. All of these groups or movements seek changes within their communities to reach a state of justice from a...
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Overview Energy corporation Enron was one of the largest players in corporate America. The company grew at a rapid state and was highly favoured by analysts and investors. Although Enron’s forecasts and financial reports for the late 1990s and early 2000s guaranteed stakeholders of continuous growth, this was not the case and it eventually played out to be the biggest...
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Introduction On 11th of February 2019 the Royal Banking commission presented its final report on the misconduct of banking and financial sector, revealing sickening behaviour of the financial industry. The investigation was on going since Dec 2017, highlighting unethical behaviour of banking, superannuation, mortgage and other financial industries and spotlighted some shocking facts about the big corporations. The need for...
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ABSTRACT From Enron scandal to Satyam scandal, many ‘false creative accounting practices’ have been created. Corporate frauds are now becoming a center of attention like Tyco, Worldcom, Freedie Mac. According to researchers, these frauds are hindering public confidence by producing fake reports. This report analyzes the India’s major corporate fraud-‘Satyam Scandal’ and what auditing issues arose in that scandal. The...
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Artificial Intelligence and Banking As global technology has evolved over the years, we have moved from Landline phone to Mobile, Television to Internet and Branch Banking to Mobile Banking and today we are smoothly and gradually adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI). It was John McCarthy who introduced the word AI to the world in 1956. It involves process automation of robotics...
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Enron corporation was a very successful American energy, commodities and services company. Founded in 1985 and Headquartered in Houston, Texas. It was a merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth, which were both small regional companies. The company used to sell and trade in more than 30 different products, but when it first got started it mainly produced natural gas...
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Introduction In the annals of corporate history, the Enron scandal stands as a stark reminder of the catastrophic consequences of unethical business practices. Once a darling of Wall Street, Enron Corporation's dramatic collapse in 2001 not only led to bankruptcy but also unraveled a web of deceit that involved accounting fraud, insider trading, and corporate malfeasance. This scandal serves as...
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Social justice has been part of the discussion within Scottish Parliament since it was established in 1999 with one of the first policy programmes focusing on social justice (‘Social Justice: A Scotland Where Everyone Matters -Scottish Executive, 1999). Social justice is concerned with socially marginalised groups and how society responds to this. Inclusion is education’s response to social justice and...
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1.1 Introduction The liberal policies in 1991 under the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) provided a platform for a competitive economy for Zambia which runs on a market economy. This type of economy thrives on the principle of demand and supply with respect to the market. The market is a factor instrument in the determination inter alia prices of goods...
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Assignment Question: In spite of a robust accounting system, we have seen lapses, leading to many famous corporates collapsing overnight. With reference to the Enron scandal, point out the entire case leading to the scandal and subsequent laws passed by The US congress to deal with such failures. Attempt Count: 1 Introduction: Enron`s collapse was one of the biggest collapses...
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One of the biggest American companies, Enron, fell bankrupt due to a major accounting scheme resulting in the loss of revenue, employee 401(k) plans, and loss of funds from the shareholders (Semple, 2002). Enron was a popular energy company that did business with many other companies needing their expertise and information. At the peak of Enron’s success, their shares were...
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Introduction In the formative years of the United States, establishing a robust financial system was paramount to the nation’s survival and growth. This task was entrusted to Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, whose vision and strategies laid the foundation for America’s economic prowess. One of Hamilton's most enduring contributions was his approach to managing the national debt,...
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Just as human beings cannot survive without water and food, so too do they need to develop the ability to communicate their desires to access the basic needs of life. Thus, language serves as an essential tool not only to get meaning across, but also to learn and acquire knowledge and skills. Formal education in various subject areas has made...
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Introduction Equity is accepted as a wonderful creation of court of chancery which expects the perfection of the justice for all, surpassing the boundaries of Common law and it came to ensure the fairness in Common law system where justice delivered through rigid and inflexible series of actions. The concept of equity derived from of natural justice because it mainly...
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Introduction Over the recent decades, the issue of the benefits and risks associated with Corporate philanthropy (CP) has been an evolving topic on shareholders and the society as they have developed stronger expectations of firms behaving in a socially responsible way. Houqe at el (2016) purport that society’s perceptions play an important raw in contributing to firm’s success in the...
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Abstract Risk tolerance can be defined as the maximum amount of risk by investment that an individual is ready to take. In this paper, we explore the relationship between demographic features and risk tolerance pertaining to an individual using the KMeans Algorithm. We also propose a novel architecture using graph embeddings in Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) to contrast the use...
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