Introduction The advent of patenting in poultry genetics has heralded a new era in agricultural biotechnology, significantly influencing both the economic landscape and public perception. As the global demand for poultry products escalates, the pursuit of genetic innovations stands as a critical component in enhancing productivity, disease resistance, and overall efficiency. Patented genetic modifications, which allow companies to monopolize specific...
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Climate change and anthropogenic measures are an increasing obstacle for global biodiversity. As global biodiversity continues to be threatened and ecological systems disturbed, measures for conserving biodiversity can become challenging (Sutherland et al., 2010).Similar to other ecological systems, marine environments face several anthropogenic challenges, such as overfishing, chemical contamination, pollution and habitat loss (Korpinen et al., 2016). Along with climate...
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Introduction In this experiment, we will be examining genetic inheritance and the transfer of traits such as performed in the experiment done by Gregor Mendel with his garden peas. However, unlike Mendel, we will be using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematodes instead of garden peas. C. elegans are worms measuring at around 1mm and consume E. coli and other microorganisms...
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The pre-mRNA breaks and separates from the DNA template strand, which then returns to its original form by rewinding into a double helix again. It then moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. Within the pre-mRNA there are regions which do not code for any amino acid (non-coding regions) and are not expressed, there are also...
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Introduction Through this essay, I will introduce intelligence scientifically as a component of many different traits and defining it in context of research on intelligence in humans. It has many different definitions and can be spilt into statistical values, such as g and IQ, or specific traits that contribute to overall intelligence, such as cognitive ability, fluid and crystallised intelligence,...
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Introduction Quantitative genetics, a branch of genetics focusing on the inheritance of traits that are determined by a multitude of genes, plays a crucial role in understanding complex biological phenomena. It bridges the gap between classical Mendelian genetics and modern genomic studies by providing insights into how multiple genes interact with the environment to influence phenotypic outcomes. As the global...
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Clinical Description Sengers syndrome (SS) was first described by Sengers et al. (1975) and is also known as cardiomyopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-10 (MTDPS10) (Calvo et al., 2012). SS is a very rare genetic disorder; approximately 59 cases have been reported to date throughout the world. SS is inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner and characterized by congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,...
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As inhabitants of the twenty-first century, there has been significant advancements in the field of genetics. One such technological advancement that is still developing may make it possible to âselectâ our childrenâs genes and characteristics (Agar, 2006). In effect, âdesigner babiesâ will likely be a possibility in the near future. A âdesigner babyâ defined by the Oxford English Dictionary is...
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Genetic improvement programs for livestock in the developed countries have advanced to the present stage, mainly because the infrastructural elements necessary for planned breeding programs such as thorough performance recording and AI (Artificial Insemination) are available. In addition, advances have also been made in population genetics and statistics which have made it possible to develop genetic improvement schemes applicable on...
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This essay aims to answer this question by evaluating the role of genetic responsibility in doctor-patient confidentiality in the context of individuals suffering from Huntington disease (HD). HD is an uncurable and progressive neurological disorder characterised by late onset of motor, cognitive and behavioural changes. HD is an autosomal dominant disorder where an individual offspring has a 50% chance of...
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Introduction The genetic disease explored throughout this report will be 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DS), including the importance of diagnosis through genetic testing. The analysis of the disease and test should examine and answer the inquiry question: âShould genetic testing for the diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome be available without cost for newborn born with congenital heart disease?â DS is currently...
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Intro A personâs behavior is determined by a combination of inherited traits, experience, and the environment. Some are innate and some are learned. Inherited traits can control or manipulate oneâs behavior. For example, a person who is born to parents who had anger issues may act highly violent/aggressive in a stressful situation. People donât think of them as controlling our...
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Genetics in ecology helps us to understand the dynamic relationship that genetic diversity has with conservation, by applying phylogenetics, and using this to aid the evolutionary potential of the genetic structure (Allendorf et al. 2013). By monitoring the genetic structure of a species, a conservation priority can therefore be established. For example, a species considered as monotypic will have a...
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Today in biology the field of genetics is its own ever-expanding branch; geneticists can now tell us the entire blueprint for the human body due to a project completed in the early 2000s called the âHuman Genome Projectâ, over 30,000 genes have been coded and the chromosomes that house them logged in a complete set of DNAs which can show...
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Eugenics is a term commonly associated with the dreadful moment in history regarding World War 2. It is defined as âthe practice or advocacy of controlled selective breeding of human populations to improve the populationâs genetic compositionâ (Merriam Webster). Many people of the United States are unaware that we had similar, though not as extreme, actions towards the eugenics movement....
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Humans have been breeding dogs for at least an estimated 14,000 years, it is said to believe that the evolution of the domestic dog evolved from the wild grey wolf (Canis Lupus.) As humans began domesticating dogs, they had begun to favour specific traits such as dogs with particular physiques and temperaments, hunting skills, intelligence, behavioural traits and even the...
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Human DNA is present in every cell except RBCs and can be found in body fluids like saliva, blood, semen, vaginal fluids, bones, teeth, hair and sweat. DNA has its individuality and DNA typing methodologies are subjected to scientific and legal scrutiny. DNA has been used as unique investigation material in forensics since Alec Jeffrey introduced RFLP in 1985 for...
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Abstract In this paper , we propose the technique of DNA-Genetic Encryption (D-GET) to make the technique more reliable and less predictable. In this process, any form of digital data is binarized and transformed into DNA sequencing, reshaping, encrypting, crossover, mutating and then reshaping. D-GET 's main stages are repeated three times or more. Encrypted data is transmitted in a...
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Quantum mechanics is a dimension of science that describes the behavior of energy, waves, subatomic particles and the uncertainty principle mathematically. It was founded by a group of scientists in the 1920âs to uncover more about the physical properties of nature. One of the founders, Erwin SchrĂśdinger, published a book titled âWhat is Life?â in 1944 where he claimed that...
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Eugenics is the practice of upgrading the human species by selecting specific people to reproduce with a wanted hereditary trait. The term Eugenics means âgood creationâ. The main idea is that it will breed out disease and undesired traits from a human population. It is believed that eugenics could breed out illnesses like mental illness, criminal actives, and even things...
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Introduction The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented global health crisis, necessitating the rapid development of effective vaccines. This challenge catalyzed the utilization of advanced biotechnology, particularly RNA and DNA-based technologies, in vaccine development. These innovations offered promising pathways to develop vaccines swiftly and effectively, given their unique capabilities in immunological manipulation. At the forefront of this technological...
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In recent years, there has been a colossal decrease in food security, quality and availability. This has resulted in the employment of science and technology, to improve food security, quality and availability by means of genetic modification. There are lots of controversies surrounding the topic of genetic modification and I will be providing an argument for and against the use...
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Genetic modification (GM) is a method that uses technology in order to alter and improve the genetic makeup of an organism. For example, Golden Rice is genetically modified to increase its health benefits by placing Vitamin A within it. Why is Genetic Modification Carried Out? GM is a significant process utilised in a variety of ways that can benefit the...
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Gene editing, a group of technologies that give scientists the ability to change an organism's DNA, is of vital importance in cell and gene therapy. CRISPR is a revolutionary gene editing technology which has become the hottest research tool in the field of biological sciences in just a few years since its introduction in 2012. However, people may still wonder...
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Abstract CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and CRISPR associated protein Cas9 has revolutionized gene and genome editing. This system was discovered in prokaryotes as a defence mechanism to protect themselves from viral predators via three basic steps of spacer-acquisition, Crispr RNA (crRNA) processing and interference. CRISPR-Cas display a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that memorize previous infection by integrating...
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The debate of nature vs. nurture is a centuries long discussion splitting psychologistâs perspectives on human behavior and traits. The nature position of the debate focuses on how DNA and genotype influence behavior and personality. It is essentially hard-wired into your being. On the other hand, nurture leans toward outside influences and interactions shaping your mind. Nurture is founded on...
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Introduction Genome-editing, a recent technological advancement in the field of life sciences & is one of the techniques used to explore the understanding of the biological phenomenon. Besides having different site-directed nucleases for genome editing over a decade ago, the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) based genome editing approach has become a choice of technique due to...
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The process of âhow muchâ genetic versus environmental factors matter has recently been replaced by questions about the processes that may mediate the relationship between the genome and social/environmental phenomenon (Spinath and Bleidorn,2017) For many years there have been debates on nature versus nurture but in contrast, we will be looking at how these two aspects work in unison to...
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The key goals in performing this study in-lab was to determine how PCR can be used to amplify desirable segments of DNA, examine how agarose gel electrophoresis can separate DNA fragments via size, and analyze DNA fragments on agarose gels to determine our PTC diplotypes. The collection of this data was done by gathering a sample of cheek cell DNA,...
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Genetic engineering is the process of directly manipulating an organismâs genes in order to modify a desired set of characteristics. Humans have been altering the genome of species for thousands of years through selective breeding and artificial selection, however, it wasnât until the discovery of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid in 1972 that DNA could be directly manipulated. For several decades, scientists...
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