Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic recessive disorder. Cause The cause of Cystic Fibrosis is when a mutation in the CF gene encodes cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which is a protein. The movement of salt and water inside and outside of our cells are controlled by CFTR. People with CF and the mutated CFTR protein means that their chloride...
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Huntington’s disease is a genetic disease that causes progressive damage to cells in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex which are both found in the brain. These areas control movement and the way one thinks, understands and remembers. The disease was characterized by George Huntington in 1872. People with Huntington’s disease generally develop symptoms between the ages of 30 and...
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More than 30,000 people worldwide are living with Cystic Fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease in which a mutation occurs in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene on chromosome 7. There is a plethora of different mutations that occur, but 70% of mutations that cause cystic fibrosis is the delta f508 mutation. A common cause of...
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The issue of drug cheating in competitive sports has ignited the debate on whether harsher penalties should apply due to the effect of drug cheating? So should their be harsher penalties, yes of course there should be! How would you like it if you were racing against an 18 year old and you were only 7? Unfair advantage I believe....
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Nowadays, physical appearance is marked as an essential part in our daily life. Men are attracted by beautiful women, women as well, are attracted by handsome, good-looking men. Therefore, many men and women are considering to make themselves look better by undergoing cosmetic surgery. Cosmetic surgery is known as a unique procedure for enhancing a person’s appearance through surgical and...
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Pandemics are worldwide outbreaks of disease that greatly effect a population socially, economically and politically (Gallivan et al. 2017). They are different to epidemics in the way that pandemics impact globally, while epidemics are often contained inside one community. The most devasting pandemic is the influenza virus. Also known as the flu, this virus is constantly spreading throughout the world,...
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Chronic pain is a very common type of pain which is affects both physiology and psychology of a person. A pain is considered to be ‘chronic’, if the pain continues beyond the time expected for a painful condition or injury to heal, usually about 3 months or more (The Australian Pain Management Association Ltd. (APMA) , 2018). The constant pain...
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Musculoskeletal or skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints that accounts approximately 20% of our body mass. Bones made up our body shape, support and protect our organs and systems. There are 206 bones in an adult human body which contain the bones of skull, spines, ribs, arms and legs. Bones compound most of the skeleton in the...
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Introduction Lactose intolerance is a common condition affecting a significant portion of the global population, characterized by the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. This condition arises due to a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain,...
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Dengue Fever is a viral disease induced by Dengue virus (of the genus Flavivirus) that is pandemic-prone and is quickly emerging in many parts of the world, most notably in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The disease is created by a mosquito carried viral infection that causes intense flu-like symptoms and can sometimes progress to a potentially fatal stage known as...
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The oral cavity is increasingly becoming recognised as a window to general health. Hepatitis is a heterogeneous inflammatory liver disease which manifests in the oral cavity and has important implications in the dental setting. Dentists and oral health workers must be aware of the full spectrum of signs and symptoms, as well as how the disease is transmitted, in order...
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Patient Education is a process of empowering patients to be the in charge of their own wellbeing and be more independent concerning their health management (Yeh, Wu, & Tung, 2018). It is one of the most important responsibilities of the nurses to educate the patient properly to prevent hospital readmission, improve patient’s confidence in health care and avoid relapses. Moreover,...
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According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, in 2016 more than 3 million Australian’s used illicit drugs and the statistics are continuing to increase (“Illicit use of drugs Overview - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare”, 2019). The serious consequences of using drugs continues to rise as 1 in 10 people had been victimized due to drug related...
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Arthur Miller utilises his literary masterpiece ‘The Crucible’ as a vehicle to expose to the audience that maintaining personal integrity requires great courage and strength in the face of hysteria and frenzy and refusing to name names can come at a high cost, especially amidst an autocratic rule. He does this through thoughtful characterisation, symbolism, language, allegory, imagery and characters’...
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Aspirin is a widely used drug which helps reduce fevers as well as reduce pain. It was originally just salicylic acid, which can be found naturally in the bark of willow trees. It is one of the oldest natural medicines used to treat fevers, illnesses as well as reduce pain. However, it was harsh on the stomach taking the acid...
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Introduction Q fever, a zoonotic disease caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, has been a subject of growing clinical interest due to its complex epidemiological characteristics and potential for outbreaks. Initially identified in Australia in 1937, Q fever has since been recognized worldwide, affecting both humans and a wide range of animal hosts. The disease manifests in acute and...
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Social media are websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. Social media statistics from 2019 indicate 3.2 billion active social media users worldwide which is equal to 42% of the current population. (Globalwebindex, 2018) states that an average person spends approximately 2 hours and 22 minutes on social networks per...
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Globally, age has become the benchmark for many social events such as alcohol consumption, marriage and employment. And with it, entails legal responsibilities and ramifications. With the rise in illegal immigrants from war-torn and impoverished nations into developing countries, an individual’s age becomes one of the most important factors in determining their subsequent treatment. An illegal immigrant coming into the...
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The Industrial Revolution was the big ‘manufacturing boom’ when Europe and the US transitioned to a new manufactured/ technological age and system. Due to this revolution many citizens of Europe moved into large, cramped cities which had very poor hygiene and living conditions. Majority of people worked on farms or in small communities. They would grow, harvest and make what...
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There are many conditions that are faced by the population across the lifespan. At times, it may be difficult to cope with being diagnosed with a condition in the early stages, especially the conditions that are diagnosed at an early age between 18-25. It is extremely important to be aware of some of the common conditions and their manifestations to...
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Introduction In contemporary society, the pursuit of material wealth and possessions has become synonymous with success and happiness. However, the increasing obsession with materialism may be contributing to a pervasive sense of dissatisfaction and depression. Materialism, defined as the tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual or emotional values, is often associated with the...
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Most of people think psychosis is splitting of the mind, is this true or not? If not, then what is psychosis, what are the causes of this disease, how it affects the human being? And what’s the role of neuroinflammation in psychosis? Psychosis is a thought disturbance (psychiatric disorder) (Dr.Marian Gorge). Since long time ago, psychosis was generally described as...
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Nigeria is struggling with many health, infrastructural, economic and political challenges. But the most challenging of these issues is that “major issues seem to be treated as minor issues and minor issues seem to be treated as major issues”. As nationals and dental professionals that should uphold health we are asked to answer the varying questions that hold back on...
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is an indolent neoplasm which is known for its invariable progression from a chronic to blastic phase. However, CML primarily presenting with megakaryocytic blast crisis (MKBC) in a young male without any preceding chronic phase is of extremely rare occurrence. We report an unusual case of a 22-year-old man who presented for the first time with...
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Introduction The Type II Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2) remains a significant public health challenge due to its high prevalence and its association with genital herpes. Affecting millions globally, HSV-2 is a lifelong condition characterized by episodic outbreaks and asymptomatic shedding. This essay examines the virology, transmission dynamics, and public health implications of HSV-2. By understanding these factors, we aim to...
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As we know that the human skeleton is mainly composed of bone tissues which provides support for the body, and gives protection to the vital organs such as those in the cranial and thoracic cavities, and encloses medullary cavity containing bone marrow ,as well as bone tissues, also serve as reservoir of phosphate, calcium, and other ions. Bone tissues also...
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Introduction The opioid epidemic has emerged as one of the most pressing public health crises in the United States, claiming thousands of lives and overwhelming communities across the nation. During the Trump administration, the federal government implemented a series of strategies aimed at curbing opioid misuse and its devastating consequences. These policies focused on reducing opioid prescriptions, enhancing treatment services,...
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The flu pandemic or swine flu in 2009 was an influenza pandemic that lasted from early 2009 to late 2010, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first of which was the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918–1920), though in a new version. First identified in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain...
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The provision of health care in the United States (U.S.) does not function as a logical and interconnected system network designed to work together in a coherent manner. Instead, it is devoid of any unity and remains poorly structured in terms of funding, insurance delivery, distribution and payment processes. In a system that is fundamentally fractured and in which the...
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In this paper, I will focus on the topic of the effects of PTSD on the family and why veterans are returning to the country homeless. All across the United States of America, veterans are recognized and seen as heroes who have countlessly placed their lives on the line for this country, so why is it that many of them...
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