Before the 1990s, FVIII was obtained from whole blood donations (Figure 1), then transfused into haemophilia patients. Blood transfusions began in 1818 when James Blundell, an English physician, performed a human-to-human blood transfusion. Although the patient subsequently died, Blundell was committed to achieving a successful blood transfusion. Throughout the early 1800s, he experimented with a series of patients, of which,...
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Introduction Organs and structures in the respiratory system are very important for life because they make it possible for gases that are needed for cellular processes to move between cells. Carbon dioxide, a waste result of metabolism, is pushed out of the body by this complex system. Oxygen from the air we breathe is efficiently absorbed into the bloodstream. The...
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Lower respiratory infections include pneumonia (infection of the lung alveoli), as well as infections affecting the airways such as acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, influenza and whooping cough. They are a leading cause of illness and death in children and adults across the world (European Lung Foundation). History of disease Lower respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and...
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The respiratory system is divided into two tracts. The upper respiratory tract consists of the paranasal sinuses, the nasal cavity, the pharynx, and the epiglottis. The paranasal sinuses are lined with mucous membranes that warm, humidify, and filter the air. The epiglottis seals off the airway during swallowing. The lower respiratory tract consists of the larynx, the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,...
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Living in this ever-evolving world of ours was never an easy task for any of us. Things gradually change over time and even consistency of routines and activities we perform every day doesnât give us assurance that things will do stay as they are. Thinking we do not hold or even have a grasp of what is about to happen,...
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Abstract Hypertension is a serious health problemoriginates from a combination of genetic, environmental, and social factors.Environmental factors are overweight/obesity, bad diet, high dietary sodium, stress, lack of physical activity, smokingand alcohol consumption. Higher degree of BP control can be achieved by providing a care source, maximum adherence, and minimizing therapeutic lethargy. The targeted technique to be followed includes many interventions...
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Introduction Longevity is determined by an effective cross-talk between deleterious processes that act on an organism over its lifetime and the physiological responses that promote effective homeostasis (Ponnappan and Ponnappan, 2011). Ageârelated changes of the immune system play a role in the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to infectious diseases, vaccination failures, including the potential onset and/or progression of autoimmunity...
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Homeostasis is essential for the human body to regulate and function properly. By achieving appropriate homeostasis levels, the kidneys can differentiate which fluids and how much of each fluid humans should consume. Hormones like Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and Aldosterone each affect osmolarity homeostasis by regulating the kidneys. In order to examine the role of the kidneys...
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While our sleeping habits have fallen behind in priority as a result of our fast-paced lifestyles, humanity must learn to hold adequate sleep to utmost importance in order to maintain peak physical and mental well-being, and to avoid the disastrous effects of deprivation. As the complexity of the sleep process is often overlooked, appreciating sleep means understanding the intricate biological...
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Homeostasis is the self-regulatory system within human body and it also exists in animalsâ body as well. It aims on maintaining the internal condition within oneâs body, according to Betts et al (2017). Homeostasis is particularly significant in oneâs body, as the failure of the homeostasis in oneâs body might cause different kinds of disease, for example diabetes in human....
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The management of hypertension in patients can improve their overall health and reduce the risk of other comorbidities that can arise from being untreated, especially those newly diagnosed. Orem's theory poses the concept of self-care and the abilities that patients have to improve their self-care. An individualâs ability to perform self-care is defined as the practice of activities that individuals...
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Introduction Miller and Katz (2002) defined inclusion as: â.. a sense of belonging: feeling respected, valued for who you are; feeling a level of supportive energy and commitment from others so that you can do your best.â It is about respecting each individual/person, giving them equal access to services and supports and removing discrimination and other barriers in order for...
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Introduction The nervous system is an intricate network that coordinates a myriad of physiological processes, playing a pivotal role in human function and behavior. It is primarily responsible for processing sensory information and orchestrating responses, thus maintaining homeostasis and facilitating interaction with the environment. This complex system is structurally divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous...
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According to The State Archives and Records Authority of New South Wales (NSW State Archives and Records 2008), information is the primary organizational asset needed now and in the future, and good record-keeping can help people find the information they need. It can also help to promote information sharing and collaboration. If the information is accessible and trustworthy, it can...
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Rational The quality of sleep plays a vital role in well being and good health particularly in teenagers. This is because teenagers are going through a lot of physical and hormonal changes in their body, therefore getting a good night sleep is a vital aspect in their life. However multiple environmental factors can affect the hours of sleep a teenager...
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This paper will talk about a very important and complex concept, this concept is pain. Pain is a universal concept and common human experience in most of the disciplines especially, nursing discipline. In nursing life and practice, pain one of the most experienced and expressed phenomena by patients. This paper aims to extend the understanding of the concept of pain,...
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I have been given the opportunity to do my final placement at Annecto in their Speakers Bank program. Annecto is a social not for profit organisation with community contacts throughout Australia. They offer and provide services that help individual feel safe and comfortable at home. They deliver these services to people with disabilities, older people, families and carers who want...
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The biggest reason for keeping and maintain records is to ensure that the client will get continuing care as accurate as possible. Record keeping is actual communication between health care workers and clients, where it includes care planning, quality assurance of care for clients, legal documents. Record keeping is very important for care workers as they are updated every day...
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Sleep is very important for humans as sleep has important homeostatic functions. Sleep provides rest to a person after a tiring day (McEwen, 2006). However, there are some people who are facing the problem of not getting enough sleep, which is also known as sleep deprivation. Next, sleep deprivation will negatively affect the humanâs brain and bodily systems. Sleep deprivation...
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It is a problem affects roughly seventy percent of adults at least one day of every month, and responsible for roughly twenty percent of fatal car crashes. Sleep deprivation, which according to Drug intervention today, can be defined as a condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either chronic or acute. Chronic sleep deprivation is a lack of...
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Most people hear the word âdisabilityâ and what immediately comes to mind is, mobility, visual or hearing impairments. Even so, disabilities may be physical, mental or unseen; disabilities can result from various causes. The Americanâs with Disabilities Act of 1990 defines disability as âa physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of...
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The body, as defined by Kosut is 'the intersection between self and society' (Kosut 32). The body is not only a way to portray biological and cultural identity, but it is also a way to convey personal and social messages. Since the Egyptian Middle Kingdom (2000 BC), people have participated in body modifications for several various reasons (Perrin 1). Tattoos...
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Since time immemorial, the nature of science fears the idea of subjective data due to its capricious and unpredictable characteristics. Wherein science is ultimately based on empirical evidence of cause and effect relationships, the nature of pain is highly dependent on physical, psychological and environmental factors. A pioneer in pain management once said, âpain is whatever the person experiencing it...
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In todayâs fast-moving world stress is a vague concept that every individual experienced at one time or another. Being under a lot of pressure or facing some big changes will cause the body and the mind to react to those demands and challenges hence resulting in stress which may lead to a feeling of being overwhelmed, it is an emotional...
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Thomas Mcdonald was a man employed at Verizon for 14 years. He was known for his excellent customer service and outgoing sales. He was a hard working and dedicated employee, however after being in a car crash Mcdonald was left a paraplegic. While this incident was severely traumatizing for Mcdonald, his suffering did not stop there. He was then fired...
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Body modification can be found in many forms and places such as dieting, piercings, and tattoos. Different types of body modification have also been around for an extremely long time and can be found in many religions. Each religion has its own view of body modification with some extremely against or extremely for body modification, with some even leaning towards...
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I have always kept a reasonably good eye on my sleep habits and tracked them fairly well, so I thought. During the last two weeks, I spent more time relatively than usual tracking and analyzing my sleep and dreams trying to find any type of pattern between how my psychological and physical health is connected. I do wear a smart...
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Introduction The immune system is an intricate network of cells, tissues, and organs working collaboratively to defend the body against pathogens and disease. Its significance cannot be overstated as it serves as the body's primary defense mechanism, identifying and neutralizing harmful invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. A well-functioning immune system is not only essential for immediate responses to...
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âKeep your eye on the Ballâ- a common saying that is not often taken literally, but Vision Training has been thought to give this phrase a more meaningful purpose. Vision Training, also known as Vision Therapy has been said to be one of the most controversial procedures in Vision Care to date. It has been used for a variety of...
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A person undergoes many changes within their eyes during infancy that are crucial for being able to have the best possible vision. At birth, a babyâs vision is very inferior when compared to an adult. This is because most elements of the eye are very underdeveloped and need to undergo changes as the baby ages in order to mature and...
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