Medicalization is the process in which a non-medical problem becomes defined and treated as a medical problem (Conrad, 1992). There are copious amounts of evidence suggesting that medicalization has increased and changed over the past couple decades with the emergence of new diagnoses, one being chronic pain (Møller & Gormsen, 2010). Chronic pain is defined as pain that persists for...
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of death globally. An estimated 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2016, representing 31% of all global deaths. Pakistan is there in the list of developing countries of the world and the contribution cardiovascular disease (CVD) of developing countries to the global weight of CVD is more than 80 %....
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Swine flu is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by influenza A H1N1 which is characterized by chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness/fatigue, and general discomfort. In more serious cases, influenza causes pneumonia, which can be fatal, particularly in the elderly and patients with pre-existing illnesses [1]. Influenza spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics, resulting...
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Abstract: Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that is found in the human digestive system. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram-positive coccus-shaped bacterium commonly found on the human skin. In this study, we looked at the metabolism and physiology of both organisms on differential and selective media. Bacteria were grown and observed on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Phenylethyl Agar (PEA), Mannitol...
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Abstract Multidrug-resistant-ESBL-producing E. coli are on high emergence in UTIs and other infections. Such E. coli are big challenge and responsible for serious threats to healthcare professionals, treatment failures, increased morbidity and mortality, and render beta-lactam antibiotics ineffective. A total of 9391 uropathogenic E. coli (non-repetitive) were isolated and identified on the basis of standard biochemical reactions. The antibiotic susceptibility...
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Background: Children are the group age malaria which affects lymphocyte levels and decreases in hemoglobin as measured by the erythrocyte index. Objective: To find out the effectiveness of multivitamins on the biochemical nutritional status of malaria sufferers in Sanggeng Health Center, Manokwari Regency. Research Methods: The experiment with two group case-control. The population was 61 children with malaria and a...
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Abstract: Tonsillitis is a very widespread condition in young children. Recurrent tonsillitis has been the subject of frequent investigations. Mechanisms by which some patients develop recurring tonsillitis is still unclear. Some studies showed that tonsils and adenoids may act as a reservoir for some herpes viruses including EBV and HSV-1. The aim of this study is to verify whether tonsils...
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Introduction Pollen allergies, commonly referred to as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, represent a significant public health challenge due to their widespread prevalence and impact on quality of life. These allergic reactions are triggered by the immune system's response to pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds, causing symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. According to the World Health...
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List of abbreviations Cardiovascular disease (CVD) transient ischemic attack (TIA) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), World Health Organization (WHO) World Heart Federation (WHF) Background Why did I take this up for a detailed study? First of all, atherosclerosis is one of my favourite topics in cardiovascular system that we learned. It is one of the topics that I am...
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E. coli Commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Escherichia (Tenaillon et al. 2010).. It is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (Secher T 2016). E. coli is an extremely diverse bacterial species which forms part of the gut microbiome, a term which describes the ecological community of commensal,...
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Abstract This study looks to gain a better understanding of the Black Deaf community by examining their history, culture, and social experiences. Black Deaf history has been neglected for decades and it still is to this day. While there have been a diverse number of books, research studies, films, and articles on Deaf life, hardly any have focused on the...
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New Zealand rivers – not so clean after all Background Tourism plays a big part in New Zealand’s export being a crucial part of the New Zealand economy. It is important for New Zealand to maintain a “100% pure” image as the Tourism New Zealand advert suggests. This is because countries are likely to purchase NZ exports if they think...
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Abstract Development of higher order thinking skills in inclusive classroom through Socratic method Developing higher-order thinking skills in any classroom is crucial to the success of the students in that classroom. Students need to learn these skills at an early age to be academically and professionally successful in the future. In an inclusion classroom, these skills are even more important...
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Abstract Herpes Simplex Viruses is a model Herpesvirus, of which eight afflict humans. Herpes Simplex Virus enters the host cell by the sequential conformation changes and activations in gD, gH and gL, culminating with gB, the fusion protein. While there are several structures for HSV gB in post fusion conformation up until recently there has been no high-resolution structures of...
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Introduction Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects 0.5-1% of the population and is associated with significant morbidity, disability, and costs for society(1). Atherosclerotic disease in both its subclinical and clinically established phases is widely prevalent throughout the world. Disease progression can eventually lead to the occurrence of acute cardiovascular events (CVE), such as myocardial infarction, unstable angina...
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Potential therapies for promoting plaque regression Various targets have been proposed to induce plaque regression or slow down the atherosclerosis process. Some potential therapeutic targets are discussed in the following paragraphs within the idea of plaque regression (Table 2). Evidence of plaque regression The plaque regression concept was evidenced earlier from animal studies 101 and from patients undergoing medical therapy...
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Discuss the relevance of psychological interventions in pain management. In this essay, I am hoping to discuss the relevance of psychological interventions in pain management and how these interventions work and help in the management and treatment of chronic pain if they do at all. I will investigate the various types of psychological interventions and how they contribute to a...
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Abstract Introduction: The research understudy aspires to examine and explore the behaviours, views, and experiences of older people in the Scottish Highlands in the management of chronic pain. Precisely, the researcher intends to explore the severity and type of chronic pain as well as its management regimens, evident safety and efficacy, identify issues relating to regimens of chronic pain management...
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History And Definition: H1N1 influenza is otherwise called swine influenza. It's called swine influenza in light of the fact that previously, the individuals who got it had direct contact with pigs. That changed quite a long while prior when another infection raised that spread among individuals who hadn't been close to pigs. The capacity to follow episodes of swine influenza...
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The human body has an intricate system of mechanisms that protect and defend the body from germs and disease. As a whole, this system is known as the immune system. Although the whole body is involved in this intricate system, the white blood cells play an extremely important role. There are many different types of white blood cells and they...
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More often, senior citizens are viewed as asexual beings who no longer possess the desire to engage in intimate relationships. Contrary to this belief, this age group is actually very much sexually active and does, in fact, engage in sexual activity quite frequently. Senior citizen beliefs regarding the proclivities of sexual activity stem from an era of sexual revolution where...
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Through which mechanisms might periodontal disease lead to an increased risk of atherosclerosis? Introduction Periodontal disease is the irreversible chronic inflammation of surrounding and supporting structures of teeth (periodontal ligament) and it affects around 20-25% of the global population (Nazir. MA, 2017), it’s caused due to the infection from various gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, mainly; Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. They...
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Child Growth and Development Since Thanksgiving has just passed you think of all the things you are grateful for or things you have taken for granted. One important thing we take for granted is hearing. We are blessed to be able to hear the beauty of the world’s melodies. Some are not so lucky. Deaf or hearing-impaired have an everyday...
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My name is Ruby Luong, I am a second-year undergraduate student at Ryerson University enrolled in the Early Childhood Studies program. I am writing you this letter to advocate the issue of inaccessible playgrounds for children with disabilities in the city of Toronto. This issue is often brushed off from the people that aren’t in relation or affected by this....
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What is nursing Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a medical condition also referred to as a heart attack that occurs when the blood flow stops or decreases to a part of the heart resulting in damage to the heart muscle. As a nursing practitioner, it is important to be alert to some of the symptoms and conditions that are likely to...
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Preamble My first experiences in the education system began where I do not distinctly remember there to be any discrimination or bias. I had the opportunity to be surrounded by fellow children from all different walks of like, some of whom had disabilities. I had never considered what children in special education were going through, what their daily thoughts regarding...
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Introduction The swine flu, a subtype of the influenza virus, poses significant public health challenges due to its rapid transmission and potential for severe outbreaks. Timely prediction and containment are crucial in mitigating the impact of this infectious disease. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the health sector, offering promising avenues for predicting and managing swine...
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There are many different infections and diseases that one can endure in their lifetimes. There are many different sexually transmitted diseases and infections. To fully understand the impact they have on individuals, one must completely understand what they are, how they come about, if they are curable, and ways they can be treated, if possible. To begin, There is often...
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Knowing that I was enrolled in a human sexuality course when my best friend approached me in a state of crisis, I knew exactly what to do. She told me that last night she had unprotected sex with her boyfriend and feared she was pregnant. I told her that the first thing she needed to do was get a Plan...
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Abstract:- Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death around the world. IHD develops, when coronary arteries become narrowed and it is mainly due to atherosclerosis. Many people don't know they have IHD, until they develop angina or a heart attack. Aim: To know the etiology, risk factors, symptoms, morphology of myocardial infarction and complications. Etiology: IHD is...
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