Introduction Lactose intolerance is a common condition affecting a significant portion of the global population, characterized by the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products. This condition arises due to a deficiency in lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain,...
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Dengue Fever is a viral disease induced by Dengue virus (of the genus Flavivirus) that is pandemic-prone and is quickly emerging in many parts of the world, most notably in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The disease is created by a mosquito carried viral infection that causes intense flu-like symptoms and can sometimes progress to a potentially fatal stage known as...
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The oral cavity is increasingly becoming recognised as a window to general health. Hepatitis is a heterogeneous inflammatory liver disease which manifests in the oral cavity and has important implications in the dental setting. Dentists and oral health workers must be aware of the full spectrum of signs and symptoms, as well as how the disease is transmitted, in order...
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There are many conditions that are faced by the population across the lifespan. At times, it may be difficult to cope with being diagnosed with a condition in the early stages, especially the conditions that are diagnosed at an early age between 18-25. It is extremely important to be aware of some of the common conditions and their manifestations to...
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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is an indolent neoplasm which is known for its invariable progression from a chronic to blastic phase. However, CML primarily presenting with megakaryocytic blast crisis (MKBC) in a young male without any preceding chronic phase is of extremely rare occurrence. We report an unusual case of a 22-year-old man who presented for the first time with...
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Introduction The Type II Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2) remains a significant public health challenge due to its high prevalence and its association with genital herpes. Affecting millions globally, HSV-2 is a lifelong condition characterized by episodic outbreaks and asymptomatic shedding. This essay examines the virology, transmission dynamics, and public health implications of HSV-2. By understanding these factors, we aim to...
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The flu pandemic or swine flu in 2009 was an influenza pandemic that lasted from early 2009 to late 2010, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first of which was the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918–1920), though in a new version. First identified in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain...
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The World Health Organization has declared the COVID-19 (Corona Virus) a global pandemic. The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the majority of businesses across the globe. This includes both small and large business enterprises as well as the global market at large. The price of commodities has risen due to the decrease in their supply. Some of the basic commodities have...
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Disease was often imported and exported through trade and traveling. European exploration also infected nations in the New World with disease, smallpox, influenza, and measles which infected many natives. Many Europeans gave diseases to the Americas. In the time frame of the Age of Exploration, people understood little about disease before the invention of the microscope. Spanish did not know...
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Out of billions of people in the world, 1 out of 100,000 is suffering from сystic аibrosis, a progressive genetic disease that causes lung infections and limits the ability to breathe. This is because сystic аibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices, and causes the fluids to become thick and sticky. They then cover the tubes,...
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Memory loss and cognitive decline are common symptoms among people diagnosed with Dementia. Over time, these primary symptoms progress (Alzheimer’s disease) and often lead to inadequate self-care or even the failure to remember family members, especially a significant other. In the opening scene of The Notebook, one of the main characters (Allie) gazes out her window and imagines a young...
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Human Genetics and Genomics- Nonallele-specific Silencing of Mutant and Wild-type Huntingtin Demonstrates Therapeutic Efficacy in Huntington’s Disease Mice Huntington`s Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease affecting 4-to-7 per 100,000 individuals. It is classed as a trinucleotide repeat disorder (Marcy et al, 1993) due to the fact that it results from an expanded CAG repeat which leads to a...
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Learning objectives: On completion of this case study, the student/reader will be able to: Describe the etiology of Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Explain the clinical manifestations of Streptococcus pneumonia infections. Identify available treatment options and interventions to prevent Streptococcus pneumonia. History: A 54-year-old white male was seen in the emergency department. He gave a history of homelessness and chronic alcoholism. His...
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Introduction Huntington's Disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms. My personal experience with HD, whether through direct acquaintance or academic exploration, provided profound insights into the complexities and challenges associated with this condition. Understanding Huntington's Disease not only demands a grasp of the scientific aspects but also requires empathy and reflection...
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Introduction/Statement of the problem Rubella (measles) is a multisystem, human-exclusive virus that has been determined eradicated in the United States since the 1960s. Measles is highly contagious, dealt with public health officials vaccinating nearly the entire population. However, the virus is prevalent in developing and developed regions alike today. Rubeola is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus (sense” describing polarity...
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Kentucky S.B. 250: An ACT Relating to Screening for Hepatitis C Hepatitis C (HCV) is a chronic infection that attacks the liver and if not treated liver failure, cancer, and/or death can be the result. This infection is spread through contact with contaminated/infected blood and most individuals that are carriers of Hepatitis C have no symptoms. Typically, we know the...
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Abstract The current trend is residential proximity of industrial and urban sites being a risk factor in causing leukemia. Although there are many risk factors that cause leukemia, the role of industrial and urban pollution needs to be assessed. People need to be aware of every possible risk factor in causing cancer. The study done is a population-based control study....
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A vaccine is defined as a harmless derivative of a pathogen that triggers the body’s immune system response to act against the harmful pathogen. The history of the development of modern vaccines stems from the ground-breaking research undertaken by Edward Jenner, now more famously known as the father of immunology. His revolutionary and pivotal discovery of the smallpox vaccination laid...
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Death of Dissent What it takes to raise a dissent? What is it that you feel so strong within, that you raise a dissent? Well, knock your sleeping conscious and ask “Do I agree”? “Do I accept”? If your conscious says “NO” well then, that is your dissent. Dissent is the inner voice within you that often coerces the logical...
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Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever continues to occur, including in Sorong City, which in the last three years (2016-2018) has experienced improvements that are influenced by the physical environment, social environment, knowledge, attitude, action, occupancy density and health services. Objective: To determine the risk factors for the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Sorong City, West Papua Province. Research Method: observational...
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder affects millions of people every day. It can affect everyone and anyone and they don’t have to have served time in the military. It can be a man, women, child, or elderly. In this paper, I will be going over the definition of PTSD, the classic symptoms, risk factors and causes, prevention methods, warning signs, treatments,...
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Lupus erythematosus describes a collection of autoimmune diseases with several varying symptoms that may affect different body systems. Lupus erythematosus may present as a systemic disease or in a cutaneous form known as incomplete lupus erythematosus. Lupus may also be more extensively categorized into several subtypes. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus may...
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1. Abstract The aim of this study is to understand the perceptions and experiences of trained volunteers in caring for patients in dementia-palliative ward in Singapore. Methods A descriptive qualitative research study will be conducted in Assisi Hospice (AH). Purposive sampling will be used to recruit 20 participants. The data will be collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews and will be...
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Abstract Objective: The goal of this study was to explore the awareness, knowledge and habits of UKM students towards recreational noise-induced hearing loss (RNIHL). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed through online survey and a Malay version of Knowledge, Awareness, and Behaviors (KAB) questionnaire was given to the health science and non-health science undergraduate UKM students. Two-way ANOVA was conducted...
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Abstract Childhood trauma continues to be a problem psychosocially, medically, and as well as in the realm of public policy (De Bellis & Ziskm 2014). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was developed by Bernstein and Fink (1998) and has been widely used in research relevant to stress, depression, and substance use. The current paper discusses the development of the CTQ,...
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A Speech and language therapist (SLT) is considered an expert in the treatment and management of communication and swallowing concerns across the lifespan. An SLT should have a comprehensive understanding of hearing and the auditory mechanism in order to identify individuals who may have impaired hearing, resulting in communication challenges. This report examines the different categories of hearing loss and...
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Introduction Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are highly infectious diseases and occur due to being infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) respectively. Millions of people worldwide are infected with these viruses and the infected population can suffer from long term complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinomas (Busch & Thimme, 2015). A...
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It is one of the most common genetic disorders in Caucasians. A defective gene and its protein product cause the body to produce a very thick mucus that clogs the lungs and can lead to life-threatening infections. It also obstructs the pancreas and stops natural enzymes from helping the body to break down and absorb food. It’s caused by mutations...
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Yearly we are told to go receive our annual flu shot, and when we are cut by metal or bitten by a dog we are sent to get a tetanus shot or a rabies shot. When you are born you are given a vaccination for Hepatitis B, but what evoked the idea of such practices? Vaccines were created to help...
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Introduction Measles is a dangerous and highly contagious viral disease causing major morbidity and mortality among children and adults if not controlled by the vaccine (Gay et al., 1995). Measles is one of the most disturbing and unpleasant communicable diseases that can cause serious illness with many complications, including the caused of millions of deaths globally (Griffin, 2012). Before measles...
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