The flu pandemic or swine flu in 2009 was an influenza pandemic that lasted from early 2009 to late 2010, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first of which was the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918â1920), though in a new version. First identified in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain...
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The World Health Organization has declared the COVID-19 (Corona Virus) a global pandemic. The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the majority of businesses across the globe. This includes both small and large business enterprises as well as the global market at large. The price of commodities has risen due to the decrease in their supply. Some of the basic commodities have...
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Introduction Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) presents a complex diagnostic challenge characterized by prolonged elevated body temperature without an identifiable cause despite thorough investigation. First described by Petersdorf and Beeson in 1961, FUO remains a perplexing clinical syndrome with significant implications for patient management and healthcare resources. The complexity of FUO stems from its myriad potential etiologies, ranging from infectious...
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Disease was often imported and exported through trade and traveling. European exploration also infected nations in the New World with disease, smallpox, influenza, and measles which infected many natives. Many Europeans gave diseases to the Americas. In the time frame of the Age of Exploration, people understood little about disease before the invention of the microscope. Spanish did not know...
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Out of billions of people in the world, 1 out of 100,000 is suffering from Ńystic Đ°ibrosis, a progressive genetic disease that causes lung infections and limits the ability to breathe. This is because Ńystic Đ°ibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices, and causes the fluids to become thick and sticky. They then cover the tubes,...
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Food allergies are a frequent concern globally, especially in developed countries such as Europe and America (Gowland and Walker, 2014) and this concern is growing rapidly, with prevention as the most recommended treatment (Pieretti et al., 2009). There are cases of allergic reaction ranging from mild to severe, two of which fatal cases happened in the United Kingdom in this...
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Cognition is an exceptionally complex, essential feature of human consciousness, yet not all aspects of cognition are consciously experienced. Cognition is sometimes defined as the mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. In simple terms, cognition means thinking. Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to...
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While polio has become a distant memory in most parts of the world, the disease has managed to resurge in countries where it was once eliminated like, Syria, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Myanmar and Philippines, where the latest case of polio outbreak has been recorded. Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is an incurable and highly contagious disease that is caused...
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Are you worried about the increasing number of dengue cases? Dengue is actually an infection and can severely affect it. 'Dengue fever' has become increasingly common in lots of areas and needs to be controlled. As dengue can take a serious turn in some cases, awareness of signs and symptoms of dengue is always helpful. Dengue is a viral infection...
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Bulling is a social problem that leads to negative outcomes among the individuals involved. People with mental and physical disabilities are likely to be bullied more than normal students without any form of disability. The risk of bullying among the people under these groups is much higher. Individuals suffering from mental disabilities are likely to develop poorer mental health once...
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Within the 1940s disabled individuals were identified as 'abnormal'. Medical sociologist Talcott Parsons identified individuals whom did not fit in with the 'norm' of society as 'sick' or 'disabled', and therefore viewed them as 'deviant[s]', and as a threat to the maintenance of a 'healthy' societyâ (Mallet & Cole, 2014). This established the medical model of disability. The medical model...
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It is often presented that people need to increase their iron intake by consuming more red meat or green vegetables to prevent anaemia and other diseases linked to low iron. Anaemia is a condition where the body does not make enough healthy red blood cells preventing the bodyâs tissues from getting sufficient oxygen. There is no doubt that iron is...
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Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a key RNA virus that contributes in the progressive damage of the liver. HCV infections have been shown to progress and eventually initiate the onset of complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. It is projected that close to 100 million individuals worldwide suffer from HCV infections. Recent statistics have shown that HC is...
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Introduction Charlie is the high school student that will be assessed and there will be a hypothesized diagnosis for him. There are many things that will be described about his behavior, social interactions, and previous mental health issues. When initially looking at Charlie, he seems as though he does not have any signs of mental health issues but as everything...
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Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, affecting millions globally. Conventional medical treatments focus primarily on glycemic control through pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications. However, the burgeoning interest in complementary medicine offers alternative or adjunctive strategies to manage this complex condition. Complementary medicine encompasses a variety of practices, including herbal remedies,...
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Introduction The Ebola virus has been identified nearly 40 years during the two outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan.[footnoteRef:1] Regardless of the considerable effort to investigate, it is still arguably as obscure today to find the ecology of the filoviruses, especially, of Ebola viruses. This article is presenting some ecological factors including the behaviors and hunting habits...
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Memory loss and cognitive decline are common symptoms among people diagnosed with Dementia. Over time, these primary symptoms progress (Alzheimerâs disease) and often lead to inadequate self-care or even the failure to remember family members, especially a significant other. In the opening scene of The Notebook, one of the main characters (Allie) gazes out her window and imagines a young...
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Human Genetics and Genomics- Nonallele-specific Silencing of Mutant and Wild-type Huntingtin Demonstrates Therapeutic Efficacy in Huntingtonâs Disease Mice Huntington`s Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease affecting 4-to-7 per 100,000 individuals. It is classed as a trinucleotide repeat disorder (Marcy et al, 1993) due to the fact that it results from an expanded CAG repeat which leads to a...
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Learning objectives: On completion of this case study, the student/reader will be able to: Describe the etiology of Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Explain the clinical manifestations of Streptococcus pneumonia infections. Identify available treatment options and interventions to prevent Streptococcus pneumonia. History: A 54-year-old white male was seen in the emergency department. He gave a history of homelessness and chronic alcoholism. His...
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Introduction Huntington's Disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms. My personal experience with HD, whether through direct acquaintance or academic exploration, provided profound insights into the complexities and challenges associated with this condition. Understanding Huntington's Disease not only demands a grasp of the scientific aspects but also requires empathy and reflection...
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Introduction/Statement of the problem Rubella (measles) is a multisystem, human-exclusive virus that has been determined eradicated in the United States since the 1960s. Measles is highly contagious, dealt with public health officials vaccinating nearly the entire population. However, the virus is prevalent in developing and developed regions alike today. Rubeola is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus (senseâ describing polarity...
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Kentucky S.B. 250: An ACT Relating to Screening for Hepatitis C Hepatitis C (HCV) is a chronic infection that attacks the liver and if not treated liver failure, cancer, and/or death can be the result. This infection is spread through contact with contaminated/infected blood and most individuals that are carriers of Hepatitis C have no symptoms. Typically, we know the...
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Abstract The current trend is residential proximity of industrial and urban sites being a risk factor in causing leukemia. Although there are many risk factors that cause leukemia, the role of industrial and urban pollution needs to be assessed. People need to be aware of every possible risk factor in causing cancer. The study done is a population-based control study....
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A vaccine is defined as a harmless derivative of a pathogen that triggers the bodyâs immune system response to act against the harmful pathogen. The history of the development of modern vaccines stems from the ground-breaking research undertaken by Edward Jenner, now more famously known as the father of immunology. His revolutionary and pivotal discovery of the smallpox vaccination laid...
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Death of Dissent What it takes to raise a dissent? What is it that you feel so strong within, that you raise a dissent? Well, knock your sleeping conscious and ask âDo I agreeâ? âDo I acceptâ? If your conscious says âNOâ well then, that is your dissent. Dissent is the inner voice within you that often coerces the logical...
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Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever continues to occur, including in Sorong City, which in the last three years (2016-2018) has experienced improvements that are influenced by the physical environment, social environment, knowledge, attitude, action, occupancy density and health services. Objective: To determine the risk factors for the incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Sorong City, West Papua Province. Research Method: observational...
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder affects millions of people every day. It can affect everyone and anyone and they donât have to have served time in the military. It can be a man, women, child, or elderly. In this paper, I will be going over the definition of PTSD, the classic symptoms, risk factors and causes, prevention methods, warning signs, treatments,...
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Introduction Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders characterized by muscle weakness. Under normal conditions, muscle requires a precise equilibrium of strength and stability: strength for resistance to mechanical stress and internal tension caused by muscle contraction, and muscular stability for preserving shape, content, and function. Dystrophin, an intracellular protein, maintains muscle integrity. In skeletal muscle, the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex...
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Context Hepatitis C is a contagious disease caused by the HCV virus. It is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis worldwide, resulting in a large proportion of all liver transplants in the United States, Australia & most of Europe. Hepatitis C was first isolated from non-A, non-B Hepatitis in 1989 and accounts for 90% of...
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Introduction: Smallpox is a disease that attacks the skin cells, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes and causes rashes, vomiting, and high fever. It is also an airborne disease which makes it especially dangerous because they tend to spread easily through coughing, sneezing, and other methods of contact with bodily fluids. 30% of infected people died within the first two...
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