Introduction Longevity is determined by an effective cross-talk between deleterious processes that act on an organism over its lifetime and the physiological responses that promote effective homeostasis (Ponnappan and Ponnappan, 2011). Ageârelated changes of the immune system play a role in the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to infectious diseases, vaccination failures, including the potential onset and/or progression of autoimmunity...
Immune System
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Introduction The immune system is an intricate network of cells, tissues, and organs working collaboratively to defend the body against pathogens and disease. Its significance cannot be overstated as it serves as the body's primary defense mechanism, identifying and neutralizing harmful invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. A well-functioning immune system is not only essential for immediate responses to...
Immune System
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The immune system within a pregnancy is very complex. Being susceptible to certain infectious diseases puts a pregnant woman within a special population group with an âimmunologicalâ condition that is caused by pregnancy. Although, it may bring up some challenges in making decisions in regard to treating and preventing these infectious diseases and how to approach them. For years the...
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Immunity is vital in defending the body against infections. This role is taken by the immune system comprising of a complex cell, tissues, organs, and protein networks. According to Stephenson, (2017), the immune system keeps a record of each and every microbe it has ever encountered and defeated as a way of controlling a future encounter. Important the body keeps...
Immune System
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The present situation in the world where the human immune system became fragile and microbes became invincible. The main reason for this is the lack of immunity due to lifestyle and eating habits. Due to which body is not getting the required nutrients to fight against the virus and bacteria. This is the main reason for the increase in diseases....
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Introduction According to World Health Organization (WHO), Covid-19 which is also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease which is caused by a novel coronavirus, named âSARS-CoV-2â. This disease was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and has spread globally resulting in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. According to the latest date, up to 3 May 2020,...
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COVID 19 The Pandemic Severity of pandemics COVID 19 and MERS COV As the world is witnessing the epidemic of COVID 19 a disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV 2), as per the genetic and clinical evidence COVID-19 shows similarity to the previous pandemics that SARS-COV (2002) and MERS-COV (2011). The first case of COVID-19 was noticed in Wuhan,...
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In recent decades, the amount of scientific knowledge available related to cancer has grown exponentially. The publication of the Hallmarks of Cancer deserves a special highlight in this history and its revision provided further insight into the main features of cancer cells and reflected the advances in research so far. The hallmarks are still an extremely valuable framework for researchers...
Immune System
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Vaccination is a form of artificially acquired active immunity, meaning it is acquired through medical intervention and is a response produced by the immune system. Vaccines are âa preparation containing antigenic material used to protect people against serious and potentially deadly diseasesâ (Class Notes, 2019); unlike most other forms of treatment which are used to cure or treat diseases, vaccinations...
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or otherwise known as HIV, is an autoimmune disease, causing harm to those infected by attacking the immune system (NHS, 2020). This attack on the immune system leads to symptoms including tiredness and reduced ability to fight off other illnesses (NHS, 2020). Once an individual has suffered from HIV for around 8 to 10 years, whilst receiving...
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HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus, when this virus is at its most progressive stage it is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV belongs to the Retroviridae family. The genome of this virus is constituted of a single strand of RNA encapsulated in an HIV Capsid protein that forms the core shell of the virus. Moreover, the virus...
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Introduction The human body is a marvel of evolution, equipped with intricate defense mechanisms that protect it from a myriad of external threats. These mechanisms are essential for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring survival in an environment teeming with pathogens and harmful substances. From the physical barriers provided by the skin to the complex biochemical processes orchestrated by the immune system,...
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In relation to Michael Sandelâs Justice, Jeremy Benthamâs theory draws a fine line between the decision on whether to vaccinate or not to vaccinate. According to Bentham, utilitarianism is defined as âmaximizing the happiness of the community as a wholeâ (Sandel 34). In relation to Bissâ argument, although being vaccinated results in this âeuphoriaâ that consists of happiness, pleasure, and...
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Introduction People nowadays seem to neglect their sleeping habits. There are various reasons for this, all different for everyone. Whatever the case is for you, the day to finally improve your sleeping habits has come. In this article you are going to find out why sleep is so important and what the magic techniques for getting good quality sleep are!...
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Introduction Sexually transmitted illnesses (STDs) are infections that spread person to person through intimate contact, STDs have an effect on everyone even babies, teenagers, healthy people, prosperous or the poor. According to WebMD (2019), it produces bacteria, parasites and viruses that have an effect on everyone, it causes many health problems but it can be more extreme for women. Human...
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Introduction Diseases that are known to be communicable are infectious diseases that results from growth of pathogenic agents Communicable diseases are those diseases that can be spread from one person to another such as spread through contact, airborne or can be spread through, mosquito bites, droplet, body fluids or blood products. There are several examples of communicable diseases, some require...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first reported in 1981 among gay men in Los Angeles. HIV caused a severe infection that weakened their immune system. It was the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic (MHAF, 2019), which later in 2010 became the fifth leading cause of disability in all ages (Zulfiqar, 2017). Although these were the first incidents...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks and destroys the immune systemâs helper T cells, placing a person at risk for further infection and disease. Spread by bodily fluids through sexual contact, coming in contact with infected blood, and with the use of infected drug needles or equipment, HIV is becoming more and more prevalent throughout the United...
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Introduction HIV awareness remains a crucial public health concern in the Philippines, a nation grappling with a rapidly increasing incidence of infections. As of recent reports, the Philippines has witnessed one of the fastest-growing rates of HIV cases in Asia, a situation demanding urgent intervention. The complex interplay of cultural, social, and economic factors contributes to the pervasive spread of...
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Introduction Nowadays, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most serious problems faced by many countries. AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV). It is considered to be an advance stage of HIV infection. HIV attacks the immune system of an individuals and makes them susceptible to other infections and certain types of cancers (WHO,2019). HIV was firstly...
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