Circulating around the planet is a variety of viruses that are constantly evolving and infecting individuals everyday. The most well known virus that is adamant about coming each and every winter is influenza, or also called flu for short. It is advised every year, by every physician, that individuals receive their flu shot between the months of August and September...
Immune System
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Introduction Longevity is determined by an effective cross-talk between deleterious processes that act on an organism over its lifetime and the physiological responses that promote effective homeostasis (Ponnappan and Ponnappan, 2011). Ageârelated changes of the immune system play a role in the increased susceptibility of elderly individuals to infectious diseases, vaccination failures, including the potential onset and/or progression of autoimmunity...
Immune System
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A basic property of the resistant framework is its capacity to intercede self-protection with a negligible measure of inadvertent blow-back to the host. The framework utilizes a few distinct instruments to accomplish this objective, which is, on the whole, alluded to as the 'procedure of immunological resistance.' This article gives an early on verifiable review to these different systems, which...
Immune System
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Influenza (flu) can be a serious illness, especially for older adults. People aged over 65 years get the greatest burden of severe flu disease. It is transmittable disease which attacks epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract and lead to local inflammation. It is transferred through droplet infection during coughing, talking or sneezing by infected person [1, 2]. 70-90 % of...
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Introduction The immune system is an intricate network of cells, tissues, and organs working collaboratively to defend the body against pathogens and disease. Its significance cannot be overstated as it serves as the body's primary defense mechanism, identifying and neutralizing harmful invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. A well-functioning immune system is not only essential for immediate responses to...
Immune System
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The immune system within a pregnancy is very complex. Being susceptible to certain infectious diseases puts a pregnant woman within a special population group with an âimmunologicalâ condition that is caused by pregnancy. Although, it may bring up some challenges in making decisions in regard to treating and preventing these infectious diseases and how to approach them. For years the...
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Immunity is vital in defending the body against infections. This role is taken by the immune system comprising of a complex cell, tissues, organs, and protein networks. According to Stephenson, (2017), the immune system keeps a record of each and every microbe it has ever encountered and defeated as a way of controlling a future encounter. Important the body keeps...
Immune System
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The present situation in the world where the human immune system became fragile and microbes became invincible. The main reason for this is the lack of immunity due to lifestyle and eating habits. Due to which body is not getting the required nutrients to fight against the virus and bacteria. This is the main reason for the increase in diseases....
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Introduction According to World Health Organization (WHO), Covid-19 which is also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease which is caused by a novel coronavirus, named âSARS-CoV-2â. This disease was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and has spread globally resulting in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. According to the latest date, up to 3 May 2020,...
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Many diseases of the human body are the result of mutations in certain key genes that are responsible for the proper development, anatomy, and function of human homeostasis. Thus, unless a medication or treatment option can be found that specifically targets the consequences of a mutation - for example, a diet that avoids phenylalanine to counteract effects from phenylketonuria (PKU)...
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In recent decades, the amount of scientific knowledge available related to cancer has grown exponentially. The publication of the Hallmarks of Cancer deserves a special highlight in this history and its revision provided further insight into the main features of cancer cells and reflected the advances in research so far. The hallmarks are still an extremely valuable framework for researchers...
Immune System
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Vaccination is a form of artificially acquired active immunity, meaning it is acquired through medical intervention and is a response produced by the immune system. Vaccines are âa preparation containing antigenic material used to protect people against serious and potentially deadly diseasesâ (Class Notes, 2019); unlike most other forms of treatment which are used to cure or treat diseases, vaccinations...
432
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or otherwise known as HIV, is an autoimmune disease, causing harm to those infected by attacking the immune system (NHS, 2020). This attack on the immune system leads to symptoms including tiredness and reduced ability to fight off other illnesses (NHS, 2020). Once an individual has suffered from HIV for around 8 to 10 years, whilst receiving...
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Introduction The immune system serves as the body's principal defense mechanism against pathogens, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting against disease. Comprised of a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs, the immune system distinguishes between self and non-self entities, thus neutralizing threats from viruses, bacteria, and other harmful agents. Central to this defense strategy are antibodies,...
Immune System
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Introduction The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work in unison to defend the body against harmful pathogens. In an era marked by increasing health challenges, enhancing immune function has become a priority for many individuals. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin immune responses and identifying actionable strategies to bolster these responses are critical for...
Immune System
432
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Introduction Viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, have evolved a myriad of strategies to circumvent host immune defenses. Immune escape is a critical aspect of viral survival and proliferation, enabling viruses to persist within a host and spread between individuals. This phenomenon poses significant challenges to public health, as it complicates vaccine development and antiviral drug efficacy. The ability of viruses...
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COVID 19 The Pandemic Severity of pandemics COVID 19 and MERS COV As the world is witnessing the epidemic of COVID 19 a disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV 2), as per the genetic and clinical evidence COVID-19 shows similarity to the previous pandemics that SARS-COV (2002) and MERS-COV (2011). The first case of COVID-19 was noticed in Wuhan,...
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HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus, when this virus is at its most progressive stage it is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV belongs to the Retroviridae family. The genome of this virus is constituted of a single strand of RNA encapsulated in an HIV Capsid protein that forms the core shell of the virus. Moreover, the virus...
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Introduction Namaz, the Islamic practice of ritual prayer performed five times a day, is a cornerstone of Muslim spiritual life. However, beyond its spiritual and religious significance, Namaz may offer unexpected health benefits, including the enhancement of the immune system. As the world continues to grapple with health challenges, understanding and harnessing practices that naturally bolster immunity is increasingly important....
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In relation to Michael Sandelâs Justice, Jeremy Benthamâs theory draws a fine line between the decision on whether to vaccinate or not to vaccinate. According to Bentham, utilitarianism is defined as âmaximizing the happiness of the community as a wholeâ (Sandel 34). In relation to Bissâ argument, although being vaccinated results in this âeuphoriaâ that consists of happiness, pleasure, and...
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Introduction People nowadays seem to neglect their sleeping habits. There are various reasons for this, all different for everyone. Whatever the case is for you, the day to finally improve your sleeping habits has come. In this article you are going to find out why sleep is so important and what the magic techniques for getting good quality sleep are!...
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Introduction Sexually transmitted illnesses (STDs) are infections that spread person to person through intimate contact, STDs have an effect on everyone even babies, teenagers, healthy people, prosperous or the poor. According to WebMD (2019), it produces bacteria, parasites and viruses that have an effect on everyone, it causes many health problems but it can be more extreme for women. Human...
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Introduction Diseases that are known to be communicable are infectious diseases that results from growth of pathogenic agents Communicable diseases are those diseases that can be spread from one person to another such as spread through contact, airborne or can be spread through, mosquito bites, droplet, body fluids or blood products. There are several examples of communicable diseases, some require...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first reported in 1981 among gay men in Los Angeles. HIV caused a severe infection that weakened their immune system. It was the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic (MHAF, 2019), which later in 2010 became the fifth leading cause of disability in all ages (Zulfiqar, 2017). Although these were the first incidents...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks and destroys the immune systemâs helper T cells, placing a person at risk for further infection and disease. Spread by bodily fluids through sexual contact, coming in contact with infected blood, and with the use of infected drug needles or equipment, HIV is becoming more and more prevalent throughout the United...
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Introduction HIV awareness remains a crucial public health concern in the Philippines, a nation grappling with a rapidly increasing incidence of infections. As of recent reports, the Philippines has witnessed one of the fastest-growing rates of HIV cases in Asia, a situation demanding urgent intervention. The complex interplay of cultural, social, and economic factors contributes to the pervasive spread of...
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Introduction Nowadays, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most serious problems faced by many countries. AIDS is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV). It is considered to be an advance stage of HIV infection. HIV attacks the immune system of an individuals and makes them susceptible to other infections and certain types of cancers (WHO,2019). HIV was firstly...
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Introduction The human body is a marvel of evolution, equipped with intricate defense mechanisms that protect it from a myriad of external threats. These mechanisms are essential for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring survival in an environment teeming with pathogens and harmful substances. From the physical barriers provided by the skin to the complex biochemical processes orchestrated by the immune system,...
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