Introduction India's foreign policy is a complex amalgamation of historical legacies, strategic imperatives, and socio-economic considerations. In a rapidly globalizing world, India stands at a pivotal juncture, balancing its traditional non-alignment stance with emerging geopolitical realities. Historically, India's foreign policy has been shaped by its colonial past, which fostered a strong emphasis on sovereignty and non-interference. Furthermore, the post-independence era...
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Achieving collective action around the “national interest” is essential in foreign policy making. Given the threats inherent in the international system, Americans have an old adage that “politics stops at the water’s edge,” meaning that the nation should come together to achieve its common purposes in foreign policy. In addition to a concept of national interest, historical memory plays a...
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Traditionally, academics have regarded foreign policy as an area of “high” politics (Almond, 1950). However, the possible effects of media, with the complex influence of public opinion, have garnered scholarly attention and debate for several decades now, without a clear consensus ever truly emerging. As Steven Livingston summarized: “The impact of these new global, real-time media is typically regarded as...
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With the 2019 Indonesian presidential election coming up, both candidates, which are Jokowi-Ma’ruf and Prabowo-Sandiaga, have been campaigning their visions and missions. The two candidates will be competing for the second time after the 2014 presidential election where Jokowi won as Indonesia’s current president. From economic, human rights, laws until international relations concerns have been stated toward their campaigns. Through...
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The series of anti-government demonstrations, known as The Arab Spring, resulted in regime changes in various Middle Eastern and North African countries including Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. Similarly, what started as nonviolent protests in Syria escalated quickly into a seemingly endless civil war when the regime forces used force to suppress the protesters. The Syrian Civil War gave rise to...
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The essay progresses as follows: First foreign policy is described which will be linked to foreign policy analysis, then followed by an analysis of major approaches within the topic from foundational texts to the more contemporary texts and then finally an evaluation of FPA. To understand foreign policy analysis, one must comprehend what foreign policy means as the two concepts...
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Foreign Policy is the strategy or approach chosen by the national government to achieve its goals in its international relations with the external entities, “foreign policy is both the broad trends of behavior and the particular actions taken by a state. A country’s foreign policy is described in two environments. They are the domestic and external environment. The domestic environment...
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I have chosen to cover the fifth core principle of Singapore’s foreign policy, “We must be a credible and consistent partner” in my essay. This principle talks about how Singapore’s credibility enables us to play a constructive role in international affairs because we handle issues fairly and with transparency (Balakrishran,2017). Hence, I linked this principle to the case study on...
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One has to recognise geographical realities for the unequal growth of nations is the cause, directly or indirectly, of the great wars of history and is in large measure the result of the uneven distribution of fertility and strategical opportunity upon the face of our globe—Sir Halford Mackinder. Geography consists of largely the answers to the question ‘where is it?’...
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The European Project has always been more or less ambiguous about its objective. The famous Schuman Declaration of 9 May 1950, considered to be the guiding principle behind the European project, is without doubt the clearest of the founding texts. It assigned the six signatory states the objective of achieving, through the European Coal and Steel Community, “the setting up...
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Introduction to Federalism: A Mixed Government System There are many different types of government in twenty first century politics. Federalism is a mixed method of government based on democratic rules that combines a general government with regional governments in one single political system. The two methods share an equal relationship, and the powers are divided between them equally. There are...
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This assignment was prepared with the intent to critically analyze the European development through crises that drive integration and collaboration, strongly focusing on the impacts of the Euro crisis and elements of the recent Brexit event. A further strategic examination was carried out to address regional integration theories in the context of the EU’s development as well as confidently evaluate...
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As the official currency used by the 27 member states of the European Union (EU), the euro is one of the main currencies traded by market participants and has an influence on global markets. Although it was launched since January 1, 1999, physically the euro was used on January 1, 2002. Since its introduction, only 19 member of European Union...
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The European Union (EU) is a remarkable and world widely unique case of regional integration (Hix, 2017, p. 580). After the two world wars in the first half of the 20th century, some of the European countries decided to voluntarily yield part of their sovereignty to supranational institutions to ensure a long-lasting peace through regional integration and to enjoy the...
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The state of Europe’s current economic recession taints all promise for its future, its excellence, and its international prestige, as manufacturing in the EU has hit its lowest point since the previous eurozone crisis in October 2012 and is expected to stay this way for the rest of 2019. Although the euro, a common currency shaping the eurozone as a...
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The United Nations has been doing many missions to bring peace to the world. They work hard to fulfill all missions they have. They have worked in almost every country, but they bring peace to many countries. For example, they have brought peace to Haiti. The United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti or MINUJUSTH is one of those...
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Summary Contemporary terrorism is a transnational problem. Advanced, modern nation states now no longer engage in open combat with one another. Terrorism – whether it is the product of freestanding groups or of groups allied with particular states – reflects the rise of ‘asymmetrical warfare’. Terrorist acts therefore from part of a strategy reflecting war between two or more actors...
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The term “fault line” has its origin in the geological definition of a phenomenon in the formation of the Earth’s structure in different eras, from different materials, whence rifts develop and proceed to tear apart the very ground we stand on (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007). Likewise, Europe has been sedimented throughout the past centuries from a multitude of socio-cultural, economic, and...
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Over 1,200,000 refugees cross the Aegean Sea every year (EU Council on Foreign Relations), fleeing their homes and searching for a better life, yet too few find one. People leave their homes because their countries are not safe anymore, and flee thousands of miles, across continents, to reach Europe. Throughout each of those journeys, countless lives are lost, and families...
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Intersectionality, coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 19891, draws analytic attention to the fact that no social identity category exists in isolation of others. Rather, we are all simultaneously positioned within multiple social categories including gender, social class, sexuality, disability and racialisation among others. These categories reciprocally construct each other when they intersect, forming qualitatively different meanings and experiences that are...
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