Abstract Text summarization is a natural language processing technique which is used for extracting key ideas from a given document. Advanced summarization methods should be able comprehend high-level semantic in the text. In this paper prevalent language models (LM) and frameworks for text summarization based on them are reviewed. It is shown that best quality summaries are achieved with the...
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Every country in the world is home to a wide range of thousands of different animals. Some of these animals are unique to their location, such as the wild wildebeest of the African Sahara, the Brown Bear of North America or the Capybara of coastal Brazil; others are domesticated and commonly seen throughout the world like a housecat or a...
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Culture is defined as everything people have, think & do as members of their society. Culture is transmitted through the way of learning and communicating with one's environment, instead of through the genetic procedure. Culture can be thought of as a storage facility of all the information of the society. For instance, material objects, techniques for finding food, language, rules...
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Introduction In an increasingly globalized world, the ability to communicate across linguistic barriers is more crucial than ever. Multilingual communication facilitates cultural exchange, international business, and diplomatic relations. However, a significant portion of the world's population remains monolingual. Bridging this gap requires innovative solutions, one of which is the deployment of communicator tools that translate languages in real-time. These tools,...
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NLP (Natural Language Processing) started during the 1950s as the crossing point of man-made brain power and the semantics. This intersection of the artificial intelligence and linguistics resulted in many successful natural language processing operations in artificial intelligence. however some theoretical and practical issues were still a matter of great concern. Due to industrial growth of artificial intelligence and smart...
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Code Switching (hereafter CS) is acknowledged as a highly significant and prevalent conversational phenomenon in bilingual contexts and is generally defined as a sociolinguistic communication strategy which allows bilingual speakers to alternate between two or more languages during discourse (Garcia et al., 2018; Schau, Dellande & Gilly, 2007 & Vickers, Goble & Deckert, 2015). This planned or unplanned switch from...
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While many English teachers demand the use of standard American English in their classrooms, many others support the multiculturalism and authenticity of those who express themselves differently. Ryan Bloom is undoubtedly one of those who think it is unfair for others to limit the way we communicate. This novelist and academic writer, however, in his article “Inescapably, you’re judged by...
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INTRODUCTION Language represents an essential human characteristic what differentiates us from other species. Hence, language acquisition play a fundamental role in the science world. The most relevant contribution of language acquisition in first and second languages to the progress of science has been done at least in a specific field, the cognitive science. In other words, they have encouraged the...
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Abstract This research is being conducted to analyze how language plays its role in determining, manipulating, adjusting and influencing human’s thoughts and perception. Research was conducted in University of Gujrat, using a survey method. Fake statement was presented as a fact and point of view were given in its favor. To check the influence of language in thoughts, forty samples...
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In times when the definition of a woman is no longer constant or abiding, the very foundation of feminist politics is questioned and transformed accordingly. In her book “Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity”, Judith Butler challenges the current understanding of the feminist model by opening the discussion on how it has changed our view of female gender....
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Abstract This paper explores the relationship between the development of human languages around the world and the distinct environmental phenomena the speakers of a particular language are encountered with. By examining six journal articles and one media interview with a prominent researcher in the area of study, I have determined that there is a significant amount of evidence that supports...
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Introduction In an era characterized by globalization, businesses are compelled to operate across national boundaries, which necessitates an understanding of diverse languages and cultures. Language diversity in international management is not merely a peripheral concern but a central element that influences communication, organizational behavior, and strategic operations. As companies expand globally, language differences can become barriers to effective management if...
Language Diversity
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Introduction Code-switching is one of the controversial topics in English Language Teaching (ELT) practice. It has been studied from different perspectives and has received much critical attention from researchers worldwide. This paper aims at providing critical reflections on two selected articles from the course core readings. The first article is Learner code-switching versus English only by Andrew Sampson (2012) and...
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Language acquisition is a phenomenon that people are still looking into today, and opinions differ regarding its innateness; some think it’s learned (nurture), others believe it’s acquired (nature). Jackendorff (1994) develops arguments supporting the latter: the argument for mental grammar and the argument for innate knowledge, both of which make a pretty strong case. However, no theory goes by unquestioned,...
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Last but not least, poor language proficiency is the final reason why language shaming should not be normalised in Malaysia. In his article, Galmiche (2018) reveals that group dynamic, teachers and peers are significant in sustaining and boosting learner’s motivation and positive emotions. For this reason, emotions have been acknowledged as an important aspect of learning a certain language. Even...
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A human child is capable of many things in early childhood. One of these capabilities is being able to learn languages. From age five all the way back to birth, children are honing their language skills day by day. From birth to six months, babies learn to recognize their parents’ voices and turn toward sounds that are familiar to them....
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With the advent of Globalization, barriers of communication are but a trivial issue nowadays and not a source of impediment anymore in this fast-paced world. People can turn to a number of reliable sources to get rid of the language barriers. Analytical, Business and Communication skills tend to improve when students study a foreign language. Language and culture have always...
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Scientific language is unique and like every other language it does not come without its challenges. It is full of complex terminology, semitechnical and dual meanings of words, logical connectives, passive voices, diagrams, pictures, mathematics, and of course not forgetting chemical symbols and formulae. This struggle with scientific language is a major issue that has become an important topic for...
432
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Language is a complex system of communication that connects people to one another in the means of both verbal and written displays. The language and discourse that society participates in is a product of social construction. From the time when we are born, we are labeled by pronouns “he” and “she” associated with the gender binary of being either a...
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Abstract Transgender individuals are disproportionately affected by psychological distress, resulting in a prevalence of depression, anxiety, suicide, and substance use within this population. Research consistently shows that resilience among this community correlates to lower levels of distress, however its moderating effect has yet to be confirmed. Literature compiled from the search terms transgender and resilience yielded 14 relevant peer-reviewed articles...
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Introduction The main goal of educators of English as a second language (ESL) is to enhance the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers. The acquisition of the English language has been a necessity, taking into account that competent users of the language provide advantages, especially in education and employment particularly in the Philippines (Incirci, Turan & Öztürk, 2018). English...
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Imagine breaking your leg, losing your job and it’s raining cats and dogs and you have no rain jacket. Your mate asks you “How was your day” all you have to reply is “good”. In 1949 George Orwell published a book 1984, a dystopian future where life, as we know, is reduced to a bleak, simple world. In 1984 we...
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Ever since the inception of human existence on the planet, language has been the indispensable nature of human life. Language has provided and served numerous wants and desires of incalculable lives not only of humans but also of other ecological inhabitants. One of the distinctive and superior features that language has ever promulgated is the ‘species specification’, giving humans a...
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Introduction Language is an integral part of human society, serving not only as a medium for communication but also as a reflection of cultural and ideological constructs. Ideology, in this context, refers to the set of beliefs, values, and ideas that shape societal norms and behaviors. The interplay between language and ideology is complex, as language both influences and is...
433
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A significant problem in European integration is about dialects/languages and specifically how the EU establishments adapt to language variety. In this research paper, I tried to build up an investigation for evaluating the nature of language routines not in outright terms, yet rather regarding their compatibility with the objectives of actors, in terms of 'scenarios'. The article concentrates around the...
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As being as a complex symbolic system; language has its own designs and styles to be used in different stages of age, occasions and even in social statuses. And what is appropriate at one time or place may not be at another. As a teacher, I do not want inappropriate word choice to get in the way of teaching and...
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Introduction The design and implementation of programming languages are pivotal to advancing computer science and enhancing software development. Programming languages serve as the medium through which developers express computational ideas and communicate with machines. Over the decades, the evolution of languages has been driven by a need to improve efficiency, readability, and expressiveness. This essay explores the intricacies involved in...
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Introduction The Indonesian archipelago is a linguistic mosaic, home to hundreds of languages and dialects, each with its own unique characteristics and cultural significance. Among these, the Balinese and Sundanese languages stand out as two of the most intriguing linguistic entities. Both languages are primarily spoken on their respective islands—Bali and the western part of Java—yet they manifest significant differences...
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The intention of most media messages is to persuade the audience to believe or to behave a certain way. Hollywood films use upscale special effects to make the spectators that what they’re seeing is real. News use several techniques – such as direct quotation of identified sources – to make their audience accept the story as accurate. The media messages...
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Language is a complex and important feature in every day life, it is how we as humans communicate to one another, how we express our needs and emotions and how we get the attention of our peers. How does language begin to develop in children? They are not born speaking the words adults use around them and they do not...
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