Does Growth Opportunity Moderate the Relationship between Leverage, Dividend Pay-out Ownership Concentration & Firm Value? Introduction Back Ground of the Study Corporate finance initially started with the assumption of complete and perfect market. It argued that fund raising is independent of its capital structure by assuming perfect competition cost, no agency cost and no bankruptcy cost, no transaction cost. Modigliani...
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Introduction War is changing from conventional conflicts between nations to ‘small-wars’ as counterterrorism, counterinsurgency, ethnic and religious conflicts (Rochester, 2016, s. 10). The change is from interstate war to new wars involving nonstate actors and armed forces. The modern warfare post challenges to the United Nations (UN) Charter, the Geneva Conventions and other legal documents since they originated during World...
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The English word law has its starting point in the Old Norwegian word truly signifying “set down” which may allude both to something saw as a characteristic wonder, for example, the sun rising and setting each day, or to a lead set by people for controlling their shared conjunction. Henceforth, two sorts of laws might be recognized, to be specific,...
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Criminal Law governs the society we live in by deeming what citizens living within its jurisdiction can and cannot lawfully do. Criminal Laws consists of statutes and common laws put in place by ruling governments or can based on previous case law. The laws are in place to help societies function in a fair and peaceful way and should be...
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Organisational Culture – The morals and behaviors of staff can have a massive impact on its culture which ultimately affects the employment relationship, especially if that culture is negative. It’s important to build a culture where employees have their job satisfaction and their work happily and at the same time cooperate with the management team. Culture ultimately shapes the employees’...
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The concept of equality requires equity to prevail. However, the history of social development is itself the past of inequality - between countries, race, culture, class, caste, faiths and sexual orientation. In between this chaos, the issue of women's rights reveals itself most prominently, cutting through all the stratums of social arrangement. In this regard, it is pertinent to quote...
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The fast-paced development of digital technology has opened a pandora’s box of new behaviours under online abuse, which negatively impacts individuals of all ages, particularly young people. The government’s task of successfully classifying online abuse as criminal offences, is becoming increasingly difficult. A topical issue is the problematic area of the criminal law surrounding ‘revenge porn’. This is defined as...
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Even if none of the parties raises a claim of illegality in the course of arbitral proceedings, the tribunal might still be obliged to look into the issue sua sponte in light of its obligation to apply mandatory provisions of the law applicable to the dispute. For the arbitrators, criminal law is a mandatory rule of law. Under this scenario,...
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A career is significant for each individual because of numerous advantages. A decent and stable career, for example, gives stability and genuine feelings of serenity throughout everyday life. Being guaranteed a stable income flow, we are spared a lot of stress and uncertainties that life brings in its wake without a career. Subsequently, individuals continually searching for a decent and...
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This essay will introduce us the definitions of false memories and eyewitness testimonies as well as what they are and also what literature has told us about them. The aim of this essay is assessing how reliable the eyewitness testimony and explained how false memories can be created and implemented in the memory, this would also be backed by studies...
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Air pollution in the UK is regulated under various statutes. The question regarding their efficiency however, still remains debatable. Whilst most cases have been brought forward via the tort of nuisance, there are a few instances where individuals and companies have been prosecuted for environmental harm (including air pollution). Prosecutions for environmental harm are relatively new in England & Wales...
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We all know that the law of Bangladesh prescribes different punishments for different crimes. Similarly, the Code of Criminal Procedure which is called the Criminal Code. It is a law regulating criminal activities in Bangladesh. There are currently 365 sections in the CrPC. One of the controversial sections is Section 54. Section 54 basically provides for the arrest of a...
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In this essay I will argue that the operation of drones should be ban in international law. Drones in their general definition are unmanned aerial vehicles operated by a pilot who may be thousands of miles away from where the drone is flying. Originally, drones were designed as reconnaissance aircraft or in other words an exploratory military survey of enemy...
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Throughout this text there will be a coherent and short explanation of the Evolution of the Roman Law. The History of Roman Law is divided in four main important periods. It begins with the Monarchy, also known as Regal Period. Stablishing the state division of power and the form in which the law was applied. Furthermore, it advances to the...
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Myths and Legends Romulus and Remus were the founders of the city of Rome in Roman mythology. In Roman mythology they were twins. Their mother was the priestess Rhea Silvia, and their father was Mars, the god of war. The two brothers later quarreled over who should get the support of the local god to name the new city, and...
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Transnational policing is most frequently quoted as a solution to organized crime. Organized crime is a global phenomenon beyond the scope of any one agency or jurisdiction to deal with alone. So cooperation, international law enforcement, mutual legal assistance and transnational criminal investigation and knowledge or information helps to control the risk of such crime across the world. The capacity...
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Intellectual property (IP) is intangible and it was protected by law, such as patents, copyright, trademarks and trade secret law. It is used to ensure any work that is creative such as invention of people can legally protected under the law. As an example of Siva Vaidhyanathan. He is best known for her writing in cultural criticism. He is concern...
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Introduction The intricate relationship between law and business operations is pivotal in shaping the landscape of modern commerce. Company, employment, and contract law constitute the primary legal frameworks that govern the conduct of businesses, influencing their internal and external interactions. These laws provide the necessary structure for businesses to operate efficiently while safeguarding the interests of various stakeholders. The impact...
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Executive Summary The report has focused on corporate law for breach of contract between Jen and her client over Dali paintings. There are several laws which are applied to this case in order to resolve the conflict under legitimate Australian Law. According to Australian Consumer Law (ACL), fair trading is necessary to maintain within a business that is not properly...
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International Law Hugo Grotius was born on April 10, 1583 in Holland. He was raised in a family of well-educated people with ambitions. Grotius started reading when he was three years old and his mother prohibited him to read. When he was eight years old his brother died and that’s when he started writing poems in Latin to comfort his...
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Defining Local Ownership Several authors have attempted to define local ownership, but there is still no accepted definition. The UN itself emphasizes on the significance of the principle but does not offer a coherent definition. Chesterman describes ownership as “how the population comes to regard certain policies as their own” . Other scholars describe ownership as a tool to increase...
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Identity of ownership has always been a main topic to study in Finance. Many researchers studied the effect of ownership concentration and the identity of the largest shareholders on many factors, such as Capital structure, growth opportunities, and firm performance. (Jiang & Peng, 2010; Anderson & Reeb, 2003; San Martin & Duran, 2015; Javid & Iqbal, 2008; Thomsen & Pedersen,...
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In 12th century the church needed a special body of contract law to control economic relations between ecclesiastical corporations. The canon law of contracts is considered as an area of civil jurisdiction which is operated by canon law. In this law, canonists used texts of Justinian which were rediscovered by the glossators. Because Roman law was a great source for...
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Introduction The construction of a bridge is a complex endeavor involving multifaceted legal frameworks. Contract law plays a pivotal role in ensuring the successful completion of such large-scale infrastructure projects. Bridge construction contracts are typically intricate, involving numerous stakeholders, including government entities, contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers. The primary aim of contract law in this context is to facilitate the smooth...
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Introduction: Joey Joystick was approached by Great Games Pty Ltd for an internship for designing a game which afterwards benefited the company and helped it to gain some prestigious awards. Due to this they later approached it for a 3 year contract with the clause of not undertaking any design activity for any other company during the contract period. Also...
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Part A: Option 1: Contract law (SSO burgers) Issue: SOO burgers have been a famous chain of the hamburger restaurant that opened in Australia. With its immense competition worldwide, this restaurant started to organise a promotional deal called “the Fair Dinked deal”. Thus according to the rules, a token is provided to every 'Double-decker Emu burger” and if 50 of...
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Introduction Contract law in Australia serves as a cornerstone of the nation's legal framework, facilitating commerce and ensuring the enforcement of agreements. It is a complex system that has evolved significantly over time, shaped by numerous statutory and common law developments. The essence of contract law is the legally binding agreement between parties, predicated on elements such as offer, acceptance,...
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Issue: Is there any legal relation between Soo Burgers and their customers (Michael and Brett) If yes than can Michael “mickey” “ask for his claim (grand price) from Soo burger? Can Brett vulture ask for his claim (grand price) from Soo burger? Whether Soo burger needs to provide both customers their claims? Rules: Under contract law, there are three element...
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Sports law is plainly described as a fusion of laws that apply to professional sportsperson and the sports they play. It is not just one legal matter with broadly relevant rules. Sports law affects a wide array of topics, including contract law, administrative law, competition law, intellectual property law, defamation law and employment law. The people that are committed to...
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Introduction to The Law of Sea India has managed to build a rich Maritime history in the course of time even before the rise of the European Maritime laws. During the ancient period, Indian ships would sail across international seas and transport all sorts of valuable goods to the neighbouring Asian and Middle Eastern countries. After the advent of the...
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