When it comes to any assessment, there will always be a negative and a positive side to it. Most of the time one usually outweighs the other, especially when it is an assessment that isn’t entirely fair to a certain group of people. In regards to standardized testing, many negative risks and consequences arise from the use of it as...
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Whether you are a parent of a teenager, or are a teen yourself you have most likely struggled with getting your kid up for school or have found yourself falling asleep in class. Many if not most high school and elementary school students struggle to get out of bed in the morning for school. This has sparked a discussion on...
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A study done by Spector of New York Times shows “about three quarters of psychologists from the state’s nearly seven hundred school districts said state tests are causing great stress” (Spector, 1). Many students are required to take standardized tests nationwide which results in a lot of stress. Low energy, headaches, an upset stomach, aches, pains, and tense muscles are...
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or otherwise popularly known as OCD is one of the most widely spread disorders across the country today. As individuals, we each have small habits that make us feel better, but we can also live without them. For example, we can think of something as “lucky” or have a regular routine that feels comforting. But for people who...
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Introduction Dyslexia, a learning disorder characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities, affects approximately 5-10% of the global population (Shaywitz, 2003). While considerable research has been dedicated to understanding its cognitive dimensions, the socio-emotional impact of dyslexia is equally profound yet often underexplored. Individuals with dyslexia frequently experience feelings of frustration,...
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Addiction has seemingly become more prevalent in todays society. The most prominent addictions being drug addiction with its long and extensive history of shaping society and social media which is a relatively new phenomenon. There is plenty of different ways addiction can affect society. It affects everyone psychologically having a massive impact culturally, potentially changing the decision making of the...
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Arthur Miller utilises his literary masterpiece ‘The Crucible’ as a vehicle to expose to the audience that maintaining personal integrity requires great courage and strength in the face of hysteria and frenzy and refusing to name names can come at a high cost, especially amidst an autocratic rule. He does this through thoughtful characterisation, symbolism, language, allegory, imagery and characters’...
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Social media are websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. Social media statistics from 2019 indicate 3.2 billion active social media users worldwide which is equal to 42% of the current population. (Globalwebindex, 2018) states that an average person spends approximately 2 hours and 22 minutes on social networks per...
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Introduction In contemporary society, the pursuit of material wealth and possessions has become synonymous with success and happiness. However, the increasing obsession with materialism may be contributing to a pervasive sense of dissatisfaction and depression. Materialism, defined as the tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual or emotional values, is often associated with the...
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Most of people think psychosis is splitting of the mind, is this true or not? If not, then what is psychosis, what are the causes of this disease, how it affects the human being? And what’s the role of neuroinflammation in psychosis? Psychosis is a thought disturbance (psychiatric disorder) (Dr.Marian Gorge). Since long time ago, psychosis was generally described as...
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In this paper, I will focus on the topic of the effects of PTSD on the family and why veterans are returning to the country homeless. All across the United States of America, veterans are recognized and seen as heroes who have countlessly placed their lives on the line for this country, so why is it that many of them...
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People form impressions of others they see, have described to them or encounter in the media (Schneider et al, 1979). It is common to save and store information about people, places or events as schemas. A schema is a defined and rational set of related thoughts and beliefs. When a schema is activated the mind fills in the missing details...
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Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a serious, debilitating condition which affects around 5% of the UK’s population, therefore it is vital that the advice given by health care professionals to help cope with this disorder is accessible to all those who require it. Currently, once an individual is diagnosed with GAD, the main recommended treatment is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)...
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For as long as I can remember, one of my biggest dreams was to attend a top school, and I sacrificed thousands of hours of sleep and fun to make it a reality. But when I stepped into class on my first day as an Ivy League student, I felt no excitement, just dread. I had barely made it through...
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Out of billions of people in the world, 1 out of 100,000 is suffering from сystic аibrosis, a progressive genetic disease that causes lung infections and limits the ability to breathe. This is because сystic аibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices, and causes the fluids to become thick and sticky. They then cover the tubes,...
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Antisocial Personality Disorder is a personality disorder characterized by long-term neglect or violation of the rights of others and difficulty maintaining long-term relationships. Personality disorders are often commonly caused by the combination of both biological and environmental factors. Below is a discussion of the causes of antisocial personality disorder. One of the causes of personality disorder is biological factors. Many...
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The world health organisation (2014) states that mental health is a condition of mind which includes psychological, social and emotional well-being. Mental health can also be a great factor in how an individual feels, thinks and act thereby determining how a person handles stress, make choices and relates to other people around. The US department of health and human services...
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Children with special educational needs require their learning to be taloried to meet desired learning objectives. In addition, children who have significantly greater difficulty learning often struggle to keep up with others of the same age, due to the severity of their disability and therefore extra school support is needed. One of the most prevalent learning disabilities found within pupils...
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Introduction Charlie is the high school student that will be assessed and there will be a hypothesized diagnosis for him. There are many things that will be described about his behavior, social interactions, and previous mental health issues. When initially looking at Charlie, he seems as though he does not have any signs of mental health issues but as everything...
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Aim/Rationale We as students go through many phases in our lives, some being times of joy, times of sadness and a lot more. But today’s generation Z, is mostly filled with times of depression with one of the main reasons being the competition levels in studies, these experiments being done on students leads us, into stress as the rule “Life...
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder affects millions of people every day. It can affect everyone and anyone and they don’t have to have served time in the military. It can be a man, women, child, or elderly. In this paper, I will be going over the definition of PTSD, the classic symptoms, risk factors and causes, prevention methods, warning signs, treatments,...
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In society shopping has become a main interest involving a person's social status. The activity itself shows more about a person's relationships within society, than the products or services purchased ([2] Miller, 1998). Consumers do not just value the product or service provided when shopping, they highly value their experience in which time and money is contributing to ([3] Umesh...
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Chapter –I. Introduction Background of the study Cognitive dissonance is a social psychological phenomenon that creates mental discomfort which occurs after decision-making. Festinger described cognitive dissonance as a state which comes into existence when a person gets confused between two cognitions (thoughts), which cannot exist together and hence create tension for him. Each person has much cognition (beliefs or opinions)...
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Every twenty minutes an American is victim to gun violence ending in death. The current theme of gun control is a very sensitive and controversial topic which is now in the spotlight of discussion. In the wake of recent tragic mass shooting governmental agencies from around the globe need to address this increasing issue of mass shootings and gun violence,...
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Introduction In this current era, interaction between humans and computers has increased. Humans are surrounded by computers, so the question arises that how well humans and computers are mixing with together? Are they like oil and water which is a difficult match or they are like peanut butter and jelly which is a satisfying match indeed? Imagine that while you...
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Introduction: Learning theories are important in learning because they allow for students and educators to communicate so that students have the best understanding of a topic as possible. Cognitive dissonance is when learners try to work together to have consistent beliefs, and alter their behavior or attitude so that it reduces “dissonance”. In his theory of cognitive dissonance, Festinger (1957)...
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The main issue in the image that have chosen which is image 5 is depression problems are rising in the society. Depression is a very common and serious mental illness that may negatively affect people’s life. It is also known as clinical depression or major depressive disorder. This mental illness can affect any ages of people includes adults, children, adolescents,...
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What is cognitive dissonance? Cognitive dissonance, coined by Festinger (1957) refers to an unpleasant psychological state in which an individual's beliefs and knowledge do not align with their actions. Cognition refers to people's ideas and knowledge about the external world, their immediate environment, and aspects about themselves which include attitudes, emotions, behaviours and beliefs. Persons seek to reduce unpleasant states...
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Cognitive Dissonance According to Hinojosa, Gardner, Walker, Cogliser, and Gullifor (2017, p.173), Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT) exists when an individual experience conflicting or contradicting situation between two or more cognitions, in which results in dissonance that causes unpleasant feelings of one’s self. The core of this literature review revolves around Conceptualisation and Research Summary, which includes Antecedents and Outcomes, of...
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1. Introduction In this essay I will be discussing ‘The Sociological Imagination and the Problems of University Students in African Countries.’ Firstly, I will be defining the term ‘sociological imagination’ as well as defining personal problems and social issues and how they differentiate from one another. I will further discuss suicide within the youth and how it is a personal...
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