From the beginning of time, humans have wondered about our purpose. Where do we come from? Why are we here? What are we meant to do? We are constantly seeking answers for things and in the past, people would just turn to the supernatural, claiming that unknown supernatural forces had created everything. While we are still religious now, we no...
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Introduction Immanuel Kant remains one of the most influential figures in Western philosophy, whose contributions have shaped modern thought across various disciplines. Born in the Prussian city of Königsberg in 1724, Kant's intellectual journey marked a pivotal shift from the traditions of empiricism and rationalism, leading to the emergence of critical philosophy. His groundbreaking work, the "Critique of Pure Reason,"...
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Throughout the past few weeks I have learned many things regarding the principles of empiricism individually and as a class. We, as a class have also discussed how these principles have been applied by different philosophers throughout history. In this reflection I will share the main principles of empiricism and how these principles were used by three key philosophers of...
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Karma in Hinduism is defined as the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. A person goes through life collecting karma by the actions they perform. There are two types of karma. Good karma and negative karma. Good actions create good karma and bad actions create negative...
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Nature vs. nurture is an age old debate dating back to the 1800’s. There have been hundreds of psychologists, scientists, religious leaders and even ordinary people who argue their view on the subject. John Locke was one of these people, a renowned British philosopher, who is best known for his use of the phrase of “tabula rasa.” His belief, that...
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Throughout the world there are many dangers to the health of humans—war, climate change, and resource scarcity are just a few. However, one of the largest threats to the well-being of the human species is disease. Specifically, genetical diseases such as those that infants are born with. With these diseases come scientific endeavors to try and remedy the illnesses. One...
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Both empiricism and theory are fundamental components that contribute significantly to the realm of sociology, however, I believe that more empirical research is needed within the discipline. To defend this position, I will be structuring this paper by: Firstly, discussing the limitations of sociology as a theoretically-rich discipline due to the increasing demands of advanced theoretical development and nuanced research...
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Introduction Codes of ethics exist to provide standards of excellence for civil servants to practice (Advanced Solutions International, Inc.). The standard of professionalism is one to be expected from those in administrative positions and to be reciprocated back from community members. The action of task completion is fueled by inspiration and honest. Conversely, scandals, release of confidential information, or inappropriate...
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'Is there a maxim that should be the basis for all actions in the course of life? Surely it is the maxim of compassion: Do not do to others what you do not want to do to yourself. ' Confucius Karma is the judge of our actions, it is the unseen energy that derives from our behavior that brings with...
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Introduction to Reincarnation Reincarnation is often associated with the idea that the soul could go to the body of an animal, of a plant, or even of an inanimate object, like stone, in death, and is not necessarily associated with transmigration. In comparison with the Western Christian concept of a single body, which is united in the resurrection (the union...
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Evil is brought on by the hands of humans and their actions lead to consequences they deserve. In Voltaire’s Candide and Related Texts, Primo’s Survival in Auschwitz and The Book of Job, discussed how humans are the cause of evil, which led to many unexpected situations to happen. In this paper, I will analyze Rousseau’s responses to Voltaire, the social...
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Some don’t consider it as a virtue but indeed it’s a virtue. Laziness is seen as the one responsible for the lack of success but lesser known that it is connected to efficiency. A lazy person may not be hard working but he can workout difficult things in a much simpler way. We tend to spend weeks, days and months...
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Many people in the world are forced into unpleasant situations due to circumstances outside of their control. As Halsey said: “There are great… challenges that ordinary people are forced by circumstance to meet”. Circumstance is where factors out of one’s control affect the way someone’s life begins to shape. Both chance and circumstance are uncontrollable factors. However, William Shakespeare’s Romeo...
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Introduction Science, a combination of discoveries and mysteries, is undoubtedly one of the most visible manifestations of the human intellectual potential, but in the meantime, a lantern for mankind. If used wisely, science represents an unperishable source of knowledge and progress, but most importantly, a powerful weapon that permits man to be ahead of his time. The concern for such...
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Introduction The advent of biotechnology in food and agriculture has ushered in a new era of innovation, promising enhanced crop yields, improved nutritional content, and sustainability. This transformative technology, however, is not without its ethical concerns. The integration of genetic engineering and other biotechnological advancements into food production systems raises a host of ethical questions, encompassing issues of safety, environmental...
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Imagine breaking your leg, losing your job and it’s raining cats and dogs and you have no rain jacket. Your mate asks you “How was your day” all you have to reply is “good”. In 1949 George Orwell published a book 1984, a dystopian future where life, as we know, is reduced to a bleak, simple world. In 1984 we...
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Abstract In this paper, seven specific questions regarding the future of fundraising will be answered and discussed through outside research. Questions that will be discussed and answered include, Who will replace the Greatest Generation as the most generous benefactors? What ethical challenges will fundraisers face that are the same or different than today? What skills and talents will fundraisers need...
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Introduction The subject of demons and whether they exist or otherwise attracts a lot of attention across the societal framework. Particularly, it has attracted interest in the Academy and across all religious traditions that form a crucial part of the global order. This debate results from the whole idea of demons and their existence or lack thereof. The study of...
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Hope is a feeling of expectation and desire for a certain thing to happen. In the short stories “My hotel year” by Douglas Coupland, we have a view of the doomed relationship of two Headbangers who are clearly lost in life. We meet the narrator who is going through a rough path, but is full of hope that this rough...
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Buddhism is a philosophy and rеligion composеd of practical tеachings, such as mеditation for еxamplе, which aims to inducе a transformation within thе practitionеr. It promotеs thе dеvеlopmеnt of wisdom, consciousnеss, and goodnеss to rеach a statе of еnlightеnmеnt. Wе havе lеarnеd in class that Karma is causеd by intеntional actions pеrform by individuals not accidеntal actions. In Karma еxistеncе...
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For nearly as long as humans have walked the earth and been conscious of the unique attributes separating us from the animal kingdom, we have reckoned with the question of why we exist. There is no objective purpose for human existence, and this uncertainty creates an uncomfortable void in the agency we seek to apply to our lives. The pursuit...
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One of the most famous deontologists is Immanuel Kant who believes that one should act according to the Categorical Imperative. Acting in accordance to the Categorical Imperative means that you should do a right act with good will. This means you shouldn’t do something in conformity to duty. You should do something regardless of your desires. It should be of...
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In the story, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Romeo is the architect of his own doom. The inevitable death of Romeo and Juliet was caused by Romeo's traits: he is impulsive, he is immature, and he is sad and depressed mostly because of his desire to love and be loved. Firstly, Romeo's impulsiveness and hastiness lead to his death...
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The thirteenth century Japanese Zen master, Dogen Zenji, had the advantage of looking back at eighteen centuries of the development of Buddhist though and practice. Dogen was well informed of earlier Chinese Zen developments, and his writings and teachings show that he was on intimidate terms with the great Zen teachers of the Chinese lineage. One area of Dogen’s teachings...
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Plato to Darwin to DNA highlights the different understandings of our natural world throughout history. Not only is the reader able to get a detailed view of each periods method of research and development of theories, but also is able to compare them with one another. The “scientific process” as we know today was incredibly different in the past, and...
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Do you really know whether you are good or bad since you are born? It is always a question that whether human is good or evil. However, another Chinese philosopher, GaoZi, believed that human nature is neither inherently good nor inherently evil but rather a “blank slate” that could be conditioned in both directions. Humans are fundamentally good because of...
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Is proving God’s existence possible? There are many ways that God’s existence can be proven. One that is referred to the most is how the universe was created. Some say it was a big bang, but who created the big bang? God’s existence makes sense when considering the origin of the universe, the meaning of life without God, the fact...
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While Hume directly references and considers the status of women only once in his Treatise on Human Nature he makes various implicit references to the differences of the sexes throughout the work. In Book III Hume lays out his argument that moral judgement is derived from mental impressions, emotions that attach to particular ideas, and not rational distinctions as we...
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Abstract Ethical guidelines shall be put in practice by Muslim counsellors in their counselling processes. It is not only a professional obligation for the Muslim counsellors but also a religious moral adherence. These are guidelines, which put the client’s interests on top of the counsellor. It is also protects the client’s rights and aids abundantly is establishing a collaborative relationship...
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The worth of human life is the most invaluable asset in human societies. Nevertheless, suicide raises some moral questions. While various theories elucidate the reasons why some individuals decide to attempt or commit suicide, there is a need for philosophical examination to justify such actions. Today, human beings are faced with numerous problems, some of which ultimately lead many individuals...
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