Inverse reinforcement learning is the problem of making an agent learn reward function by observing an expert agent with a given policy or behavior. RL problems give a powerful solution for sequential problems by making use of agents with a given reward function to find a policy by interacting with the environment. However, one major drawback of RL problems is...

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Operant conditioning is one of the theories of learning founded by a famous American psychologist Skinner, but the real founder of the theory is Edward Thorndike. Operant conditioning is a process that attempts to modify behaviour through rewards (reinforcement) or through consequences (punishment). Reinforcement defined as an increase in a good behaviour after the reward and praise, and the reinforcement...

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Industrial revolution 4.0 has brought technology into our daily lives. With its unremitting advancement, integrating it into education plays a pertinent share in enhancing school education and knowledge sharing. At schools, technology, while supporting knowledge amalgamation, motivates and inspires students to go beyond textbooks and explore a world without physical boundaries. Human interaction, a good teacher, and an appropriate learning...

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Technology has brought about a paradigm shift in the world of ICT. However, it has brought about various effects in our society like cybercrime. Cybercrime is a crime where a person uses a computer to access private and confidential information. Therefore, this paper will discuss on various effects of cybercrime on social media. First, cybercrime has brought about security costs....

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According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the id is the personality component made up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires. Overview The id operates based on the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification of needs. The id is one of the three major components of personality postulated by Freud: the id,...

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Throughout a student’s academic career, the path they take to progress from youthful and yearning to wisened and learned will be one featuring many ups and downs. The student will experience anger and anguish, moments of brashness and boredom, spurs of claustrophobia and bouts of captivity - and those are only the alliterations. However, while many of these toils can...

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Microeconomics is the part of economics that studies the reactions of individuals and companies when making decisions depending on scarce resources and also studies the interactions among these individuals and firms. Economics is found everywhere, this is why it is so important to not only study economics but also understand it and relate it to events that occur around us....

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In the work of Sigmund Freud, the pioneer of psychoanalysis, he determined that there are three parts of the human mind, the Id, the Ego, and the Superego. The Id is the most basic primal instincts, the Ego is the grip on reality, and the Superego is the obligation to society. The Ego is often seen as a balance between...

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Introduction to Reflective Nursing Journey In this reflective essay, I am going to reflect on what I have learned from nursing course. My journey from the last 12 weeks and progress I had made this semester also my learning experience in this semester. This piece of reflect will incorporate Borton model of reflection throughout. And the areas I intent to...

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Introduction In the digital age, the manipulation of images has become a ubiquitous practice, with Adobe Photoshop reigning supreme as the tool of choice for creating visually enhanced content. Originally intended for professional photographers and graphic designers to refine their work, Photoshop has evolved into a cultural phenomenon, shaping perceptions of beauty and perfection. Its impact extends beyond the realm...

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Introduction Drug addiction is a multifaceted issue that has garnered significant attention from both medical professionals and policymakers worldwide. The rise in addiction rates, alongside the devastating social and economic impacts, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors. This paper aims to critically analyze the various elements that lead to drug addiction, emphasizing biological, psychological, and social influences. By...

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Abstract The User Acceptance in Autonomous Vehicle is a main subject that has received the attention of researcher and professional in all around the world. The present research reviews literature which demonstrates the nature of technological acceptance is mediated by distinct factor groups related to the psychology of the users, the design process of information technology, and the quality of...

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Introduction When simply defined, intelligence refers to the ability of a human being to apply knowledge to the everyday workings of life. Whereas hard work refers to, in simple terms, a great deal of endurance or effort. However, hard work is a term that is truly applicable to everyone, because it is not inborn. Hard work can be developed unlike...

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Introduction In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of open members of the LGBTQ+ community throughout the United States. Through news broadcasting, social media, and public displays, we can see how large and proud this community is. However, it has not always been this way. Throughout history, the LGBTQ+ community has been silenced and mistreated. This...

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“Androgyny is not trying to manage between the opposites; it is simply flowing between them”, says American analytical psychologist Dr June Singer. The past few years have been a period of dramatic changes in how people view others as well as themselves in terms of their respective gender roles. The preconceived notions regarding the traditional gender roles and the roles...

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How can everyday life form one’s personality as a child? What makes an individual have a distinct personality compared to another? Personality is the way a particular person thinks, feels, and behaves. It forms unique character and impacts us on how we respond to actions in our environment. Personality is fully developed by the age of 7 and in most...

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What is the self? Who am I? Which parts of you is “I”? What make makes me “me”? Have you ever questioned who you really are? Is there really a “self”? How are we able to recognize or know our “true self”? In a world full of mysteries and unbelievable things about life, most of us, human beings tend to...

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Introduction The concept of intertextuality, which refers to the relationship between texts and how they influence each other, plays a crucial role in understanding discourse communities. The article, "Intertextuality and the Discourse Community," explores these intricate relationships by examining how texts within a community contribute to shared knowledge and collective identity. This essay critically reviews the article, highlighting its strengths,...

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Suits and Ties Studying the habits of human beings, theorists have proposed different ways in which humans interact with one another. Humans associate with people through similar passions, interests, backgrounds, or beliefs. I currently want to pursue a career as a financial analyst. A financial analyst is someone that helps prevent financial risks for large enterprises and companies. So in...

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Introduction Technology plays a vital role in the present generation. Majority of tasks and activities people do today are aided by various forms of technology. Some of which include doing laundry by using a washing machine, accomplishing school or work responsibilities through the utilization of online applications, and interacting with other people by making use of handheld devices. The possible...

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Carl Rogers believed that for a person to grow in society they needed to be in an environment to help them develop a healthy personality. With this kind of environment comes openness, acceptance and empathy. If a person does not have this kind of environment while growing up, Carl Rogers believed that a person would not be able to develop...

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Self-esteem vs. Self Concept​. Self-esteem is how you are feeling about yourself, whereas self-concept is what you know about yourself, such as your shortcomings and qualities. Humanistic clinicians accept self-concept is more imperative than self-esteem. They too accept self-concept is the key to progressing and growing stronger inside our possess lives, which our self-esteem holds us back. Typically imperative in...

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Fully automated driving can potentially provide enormous benefits to society. However, it has been unclear whether people will appreciate such far-reaching technology. As such, several studies have been carried out to investigate the public opinion about automated vehicles, in particular the user acceptance of fully automated vehicles. For example, (Bazilinskyy, Kyriakidis, & Winter, 2015) investigated anonymous textual comments regarding fully...

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Private and Public organisation invested (inject) a considerable amount of money on capital and resources in Information Systems (IS), hoping to have an instant results and improvement on business processes and performance . However, the findings of some studies seems not to agree with this expectation. Further, they point out that an inadequate system usability was the main key to...

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Hope is the feeling of expectation and a strong desire for a certain thing to happen. It is a belief that a positive thing will happen out of the harsh situations and circumstances in someone’s life. Hope to me is looking for the light in amongst the darkness it is our ability to accept where we are and what led...

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The theory of addiction as a disease is taking a solid establishment in the medical field (Szott, 2015). The perception of drug addiction as a disease has been created during the late 1930s (Walters, 1992). Addiction has always been divided into two categories. On one side is the medical model which perceives addiction as a disease categorised by degenerating and...

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In this critical review, I choose two readings. The first one is An Annotated Translation of Yan Yu’s “Canglang Shihua.” Pp. 8-20. And the second one is Chinese Aesthetics: The Ordering of Literature, the Arts and the Universe in the Six Dynasties (Cai Zongqi) pp. 123-140. For the first article, An Annotated Translation of Yan Yu’s “Canglang Shihua.” Pp. 8-20....

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Self Image It is critical to have an idea on the way one sees oneself since this has an effect on one’s thinking, behavior and relations with other people. People react positively or negatively based on confidence and this confidence in relationships relies on the image of how one sees oneself. How others view you and how you view yourself...

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“Southpaw”, in other words, the left hand. The unmissable dramatic sport story movie of Billy Hope, by Antoine Fuqua, in 2015. This movie highlights the performances of Jake Gyllenhaal, Rachel McAdams, Oona Laurence, Forest Whitaker, Curtis “50 cents” Jackson, and a lot of other actors. According to Camden Francis on the site IMDb, for two hours and five minutes the...

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The argument of how an individual’s sexual orientation is determined is constantly up for debate. Some might argue that one is born gay while others may disagree and say that sexual orientation is a choice. A theory called “the older brother effect” may be used to argue that sexual orientation may be biological rather than social according to researchers in...

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