The following essay will attempt to offer a considered and balanced review of the role of clinical biases in diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis refers to a process that matches an individual’s specific symptoms to those that define a particular mental disorder. Clinical biases refers to behaviours that psychologist unconsciously have, these may be both beneficial and dangerous. Biases occur when researchers...
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Many educators have had the experience of not being able to reach some students until presenting the information in a completely different way or providing new options for student expression. Perhaps it was a student who struggled with writing until the teacher provided the option to create a graphic story, which blossomed into a beautiful and complex narrative. Or maybe...
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The Stroop Colour and Word Test effect on its basis is one of the most well-known and long-lasting phenomena in all cognitive science and psychology. Having been first reported by John Ridley Stroop in 1935, the phenomena explains the degree of difficulty people have with naming colour of the ink rather than the word itself (Stroop, 1935). More specifically, it...
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The desire to find meaning is recognized as a fundamental human quest. Adler introduced us to the realization that humans live in the world of meaning, Frankl convinced us to believe that our life is directed at and guided by meaning, while Freud suggested that all our actions mean something. Meaning in life is seen as an important construct which...
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In the last two decades, many educational scholars have written about nursing being an oppressed profession. Many nurses faced a lot of frustrations due to inadequate autonomy and power. Due to these frustrations, they tend to be aggressive among themselves. Horizontal aggression in nursing has been present from the onset of the nursing profession, thus becoming a prominent problem within...
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Psychology is the art and science of behavior. It is a subject which is not just enclosed in books, but one that lies in the realm of reality, and becomes a part of our everyday life. Human tendency, more often than not is to not look at the flipside of things, but to look at the conventional path endorsed by...
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The studies of children and their brain has been around for a long time. There are in fact many theories in the world that describe how a child’s mind works, but one in particular stands out. Erik Erikson, a well known psychiatrist, discovered that in life you go through many different stages which in turn forms your personality. Erik Erikson...
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Introduction Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as a pivotal intervention in addressing child depression, which affects millions of young individuals globally. Depression in children is a multifaceted condition characterized by persistent sadness, irritability, and a loss of interest in activities. These symptoms can lead to significant impairments in social, academic, and family functioning. CBT, a structured, time-limited, and goal-oriented...
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As a woman who has always had a dream of becoming great, I take pride in knowing that I’ve accomplished part of what I set out to accomplish. I often hear phrases such as, “You’re crazy to keep going back to school,” and “Who does that?” Now, I am on a higher playing field, though – back to square one....
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The human brain is intricate and still very strange. It is probably why many myths about the mind and its functions always come about. One of the most well-known of these legends is often alluded to as the 10% of the brain myth, or the idea that an individual only uses an extremely small amount of their brain in everyday...
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Aristotle argued that being moral has to do with the function of a human being and that developing his argument he moved from the non-moral to the moral uses of good and bad. He suggested that anything that is good or bad is so because it functions well or poorly. These examples are covered in depth in his work Nicomachean...
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The working memory model is a theory for how short-term memory works, and an expansion of the views expressed in the MSM theory. Baddeley and Hitch in 1974 felt that STM was not just one store but a collection of different stores. These concepts lead them to form a model which consists of three slave systems; the central executive, the...
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Decision making is an important business function which is prevalent within every process at every level of an organization. It is largely dependent upon support from accurate information and data to successfully maintain effective and rational decisions on the basis of analysis of data and information presented. The results of analysis become the foundation for the decision being made. However,...
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According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2004 Household Economic Studies, only 61 percent of children are raised from birth to age eighteen in a home with both of their birth parents. What this statistic told us was that if we as society don’t open our eyes to new ways of defining family, we’ll miss a real opportunity to make our...
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When you look at the statistics on mortality rates over all mental disorders, statistics showing that Anorexia Nervosa has the highest mortality rate, it would be a reasonable assumption that it would have the highest funding for recovery treatment research. Unfortunately, this is nowhere near the case, and not only do they have the least recorded research, but one of...
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In The Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses Freud’s psychoanalysis to develop conflict between the characters. In the book, Jack and Piggy do not get along. They have almost opposite personalities. Jack represents the dark side of mankind and Piggy represents the vulnerable side of mankind. William Golding uses the characters, Jack and Piggy to represent the relationship between...
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We all know this phrase that was said a long time ago: 'Love your neighbor as yourself'. However, few people have understood the meaning. It is very welcome to love our neighbors, even if our needs are not met. But as you often say in the sentence above, putting yourself in the first place is synonymous with egoism. However, a...
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The Oedipal complex, also known as the Oedipus complex, is a term used by Sigmund Freud in his theory of psychosexual stages of development to describe a child's feelings of desire for his or her opposite-sex parent and jealousy and anger toward his or her same-sex parent. Essentially, a boy feels that he is competing with his father for possession...
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Our nation is in the midst of a chronic pain epidemic--according to a study released in 2011 by the Institute of Medicine, over 100 million people are living in pain. In the face of this crisis, how can psychological methods help with the treatment and prevention of chronic pain? No single panacea exists for chronic pain. Similarly, no single treatment...
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Also called the oedipal complex, the Oedipus complex is a term used in the psychosexual stages of development theory by Sigmund Freud. The concept, first proposed by Freud in 1899 and not formally used until 1910, refers to a male child’s attraction to their parent of the opposite sex (mother) and jealousy of their parent of the same sex (father)....
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William James (1842-1910), Harvard professor of psychology and philosophy, is considered one of the pioneers of the psychology of religion. For James, religion is a deeply subjective phenomenon and not the acceptance of theological teachings. “While I was in general depression about my future, I was suddenly overcome by a terrible existential anxiety. The image of an epileptic that I...
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Considering the stroop effect, automaticity, and the different types of attention- their relationships can help researchers better understand the cognitive processes activated in order to correctly identify the desired stimulus. In recent years, researchers have dedicated time studying attention and the different types, focused and divided. Attention is defined by the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary as being the act or...
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The psychodynamic theory is a theory by Sigmund Freud. Freud’s theory helps us to understand why people behave in the way they do and why that is. Freud divided the human mind into three sections. These are id, ego, and superego. There are three consciousness levels. 1. Conscious Level – This is where our rationalisation, our thought process and our...
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A model addressing family influences on the peer-related social competence of young children with mild developmental (cognitive) delays was developed and tested. Constructs representing child peer competence, types of parent action (arranging play for their child and socialization strategies varying in degree of control or power), parent attitudes (beliefs as to the degree their child’s peer interactions could be influenced...
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The Socratic method also has non-classroom applications. For example, it’s frequently used as a therapeutic technique to help patients explore and analyze their own thoughts and behaviors (Center for Deployment Psychology). When used in cognitive behavioral therapy, the Socratic method serves as a non-confrontational approach to challenging the client’s ideas (Clark and Egan 3), while also providing them an opportunity...
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Introduction The bystander effect, a well-documented phenomenon in social psychology, refers to the decreased likelihood of an individual intervening in an emergency situation when other people are present. This intriguing occurrence raises important questions about human behavior, morality, and social responsibility. The concept was first introduced by social psychologists Bibb Latané and John Darley following the 1964 murder of Kitty...
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In psychology, attribution is a judgment we make about the cause of another person's behavior. Attribution theory explains these attribution processes, which we use to understand why an event or behavior occurred. To understand the concept of attribution, imagine that a new friend cancels plans to meet up for coffee. Do you assume that something unavoidable came up, or that...
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“ The measure of intelligence is the ability to change.”- Albert Einstein. The extremely controversial topic of weather measurements of intelligence are precise or accurate is still greatly debated today. Researchers have suggested a variety of theories that display and explain the complexion of intelligence and some theories have emerged and become major in our world today. To mankind intelligence...
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Fear. We all experience it universally every day as a basic emotion. Everywhere we go, everything we do, fear is hidden deep in our minds. Some might not consider fear’s power over us, thinking it’s too small of emotion to be in control of our ginormous body, and our even bigger life. Fear is just known to be a survival...
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Introduction Aggression and mental health are interconnected phenomena that significantly impact the lives of individuals across various demographics. In particular, the relationship between these factors in alcoholics compared to non-alcoholics presents a complex dynamic that warrants academic exploration. Alcohol consumption is often associated with increased aggression, which can exacerbate existing mental health issues or contribute to the development of new...
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