The Judiciary in India has played an integral role in developing the discourse around commercial surrogacy. In the present chapter, this dissertation would examine the response of the judiciary in India and elsewhere in the world to the phenomena of commercial surrogacy, highlighting the issues that have arisen for judicial determination and the principles laid down by the judiciary. Legislative...
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Abstract With the evolution of predominant values and mainstream culture, the definition of 'family' is constantly changing in the United States. Due to social transformations brought by the decline in heterosexual marriage and the growth of working females, the nuclear family, the family formed by heterosexual parents with their biological child or children, lost its dominant status in family forms....
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Many women might consider becoming a surrogate for different reasons. However, not all of them can do so, as they must meet some initial requirements. The purpose of surrogate screening is to ensure that the candidate is apt for the procedure, and thus protect the health and safety of both the surrogate and the baby during the entire surrogacy process....
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Pregnancy and Risk Factors During pregnancy, there are many factors that can affect the fetus and/or the mother. It is important, as a healthcare provider, to incorporate health promotion into obstetrics care. My patient, JW, is on her third pregnancy, and is around 8 weeks and 3 days pregnant. Previously, she endured a spontaneous abortion in 2008. In 2015, at...
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Motherhood is a joy cherished through natural conception and in case of infertility accomplished by substituted reproduction called as Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). One such ART technique in begetting a genetic child is through Surrogacy[footnoteRef:2]. Though in India, infertility rate is increasing at an alarming speed, the Country as a matter of Public Policy has taken a rigid approach in...
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Introduction Human trafficking, a pervasive violation of human rights, has deep roots that trace back to ancient civilizations. This illicit trade of humans for exploitation, whether for labor, sexual, or other purposes, has evolved but not diminished over centuries. Historically, societies have witnessed various forms of trafficking, often intertwined with socio-economic and political frameworks. From the transatlantic slave trade to...
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The idea of progress can be defined as an improvement, a development or a change, a technical, scientific or social advance which contributes to making the world a better place. In today’s world, progress is developing at a very fast rate. We see scientific progress medical advances, cures for illness, cloning, enhancement of drugs, genetically modified organisms. We also perceive...
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What is mumps? Among many viral infections’ mumps can cause many types of conditions. It is mainly affecting Parotid glands. Earlier children were the target of this contagious diseases. But after the introduction of MMR vaccine this condition had been controlled. When the children are attacked by the mumps virus they are getting a swollen area just below the ears...
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Surrogacy is an intrinsic, complex subject that encompasses many issues - the lack of enforcement in domestic arrangements, illegal arrangements, human trafficking and exploitation, and the legal consequences of leaving children stateless or without guardians. The Australian surrogacy system does not effectively protect the interests of Australian stakeholders nor provide the opportunity for safe surrogacy arrangements. Due to the lack...
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Introduction Surrogacy, a complex and multifaceted aspect of assisted reproductive technology, has garnered significant attention in both societal and academic circles. It involves a woman agreeing to carry and give birth to a child for another person or couple, who will become the child's parent(s) after birth. The phenomenon of surrogacy is not merely a clinical or medical undertaking; it...
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Introduction Advisory opinions in the world over, have been appreciated and acknowledged as an important source of law[footnoteRef:1], especially in the verge of jurisprudential development. Legal practitioners, diplomats and policy makers in Europe and beyond are agreeable to the fact that the precedents emanating from the European Court of Human rights has contributed positively towards the development of not only...
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Andersons argument for the wrongness of commercial surrogacy rests largely upon the idea that through surrogacy, both the women’s labor and the child the labor produces, are treated as a commodity, which devalues both said things (Anderson,1990). She presents the Kantian thesis against the ‘commodification of persons’ to support this stating ‘to fail to value things appropriately is to embody...
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Prostitution has been described as the oldest profession in the world (Phukaew, 2018; Simmons & McCarron, 2008). However, toward the global lens particularly in Thailand, it is not seen this career as a respectful “profession” as other occupations. This essay is going to discuss some perspectives of the job on how discrimination has occurred, how it functions with the lower...
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As advances in artificial reproductive techniques progress, a myriad of possibilities become available for individuals around the world. As possibilities arise, many nuances arise as well, raising several ethical and moral concerns regarding such practices, gestational surrogacy being an eminent one. Recent statistics reveal that one in ten first world couples have difficulty conceiving naturally, and are now actively resorting...
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Understanding Human Trafficking: A Modern-Day Slavery “Slavery is not a horror safely confined to the past; it continues to exist throughout the world, even in developed countries... Across the world, slaves work and build and suffer.” (Kevin Bales). Human trafficking is a multi-billion production that kidnaps victims and forces them to do services against his or her will for benefits...
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In today's society, family and relatedness come in many different forms. The family unit has become much more complex due to a range of factors. One factor being new reproductive technologies. New reproductive technologies have been introduced in order to facilitate, prevent or otherwise intervene the process of reproduction. These technologies are used in human and animal reproduction, including artificial...
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Abstract How and why does Child Trafficking affects the US? Child Trafficking is defined as the transportation, transfer and harboring, of a child for the purpose of slavery and forced labor and also for the purpose of adoption. In this paper I am going to explain why Child Trafficking is a really big issue in the US, how it affects...
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Abstract There is a natural requirement for people to have children and it is profoundly impacted by social and strict estimations of each society (Mohammadpur & Ghodrati, 2018). Religious and cultural values which are unique to every community, play major roles. Having children prompts an ascent to societal position, marital security, social and financial assurance and it also facilitates to...
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A woman has the right to do what she wants with her body and her life without other individuals passing judgment on everything she might do. Abortion is an action that all women ought to have the option to perform in the event that she thinks it is fundamental without being detested for it. Abortion is a major issue in...
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What if one day a stranger came into your life and offered you a better lifestyle, a promise, that you believed but instead, it is just a trick to enslave you into human trafficking? Human trafficking is when a person is abducted and most likely used for forced labor; the most common being sex slavery/prostitution. Crimes like organ trafficking, young...
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The hotel or lodging industry is filled with a wide variety of options and accommodations for its customers to choose from. Any budget and any traveler can be accommodated, from 5-star hotels to no star motels. With so many hotel options, customers and a steady revenue stream, I am wondering if the hotel industry is taking all of the necessary...
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In the current world, a female who is not capable of bearing a child can have one through surrogacy. In this, a fertile woman carries a baby and gives birth on behalf of the one who does not have the capability of conceiving. Many legal issues are encompassed during surrogacy; hence individuals intending to proceed with the option are recommended...
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The American Pregnancy Association points out, “Infertility is a condition that affects approximately 1 out of every 6 couples” (“Female Infertility”, 2019). Infertility is a global public health issue that silently affects more people that the average person assumes. Because this issue is not openly talked about, many people are unaware about the topic and it becomes stigmatized. In this...
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Infertility is defined most simply as the inability to conceive naturally after 12 months of regular sexual intercourse without contraceptives (Luk & Loke, 2015, p. 610). Having children and starting a family is a conventional staple in society and what infertility represents is an inability to do so. It affects approximately 1 of every 6 childbearing-age couples (Sherrod, 2004, p....
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Abstract Infertility is a highly prevalent topic that is continuously researched because of the powerful desire to have children worldwide yet numerous problems associated with conceiving one. World Health Organization (WHO) refers to it as a “disease of the reproductive system”. Problems with fertility are seen to be as common with men as it is with women. As more people...
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In 2004, the Canadian government passed the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHR Act) that was designed to “prevent the commercialization of surrogacy and sperm and ova donation” in Canada (Health Canada, 2019). The AHR Act states that “no person shall pay consideration to a female person to be a surrogate mother, offer to pay such consideration or advertise that it...
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Abstract This article majorly looks at three different works concerning women’s health and the taboos related to it, which includes the maternity services offered by dais in different parts of India and surrogacy. The three works are: Can Maternity Services open up to the Indigenous Traditions of Midwifery by Mira sadgopal, The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2019 and two Bollywood films,...
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SUMMARY Since the introduction of ICSI back 28 years till now ICSI is widely used to treat malefactor as well as female factor infertility. However, studies had shown concern of the pregnancy outcome in ICSI over conventional IVF in couples with non-male factor infertility. Studies had shown an+ altered pregnancy outcome in ICSI compared with natural conception. So far no...
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Most people consider having a child to be one of the biggest achievements that one could reach in their lifetime. Without the ability to reproduce at a consistent rate the world, along with the species that inhabit it, will parish. Having a child gives a person a chance to not only make sure that their own genic code will live...
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It has been estimated that more than 80 million people are affected by infertility across the world. When a couple is not able to conceive a child naturally it seems to have a huge impact on the relationship as in most cases women are the normally blamed for being infertile. Society has also created a stereotype for women who are...
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