Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally after cardiovascular diseases, and is responsible for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Globally, about 1 in 6 deaths is due to cancer. (WHO website). Cancer is a genetic disease which is a result of changes in an organism genetic material such as DNA leading to uncontrollable growth of...
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After discussing with relatives who have completed their at-home DNA tests, I have been able to determine where most of my ancestors are from. Interestingly, I am from Seminole, Anglo-Saxon, and Irish descent. Within the Anglo-Saxon culture, a very rare disease known as hemochromatosis (iron build up in the body), is commonly found here. There are two forms of hemochromatosis,...
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Much debated topic among psychologist are always, whether our personality and behaviour are governed by nature or nurture. Evidence from various psychologists’ study have very much agreed that both also can influence and shape who we are. But to what extent, or which is more important is still an ongoing debate. The following contents of this essay will describe about...
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Genetics define the traits and characteristics of a person. Genetics are determined by your parent’s genes, DNA and chromosomes. Many people have a genetic disease, and this can be identified by doing genetic testing and screening. This essay will talk about the difference between genetic screening and testing and a positive aspect of genetic screening. I will also talk about...
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A genetic disease is typically an illness that rises due to the deformity of the genetic makeup of a person. Genetic disorders may occur in a single-gene, chromosomal or complex disorders. Obesity is one of these diseases that is caused by genetic disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 8.5 percent of individuals who were above 18 years had...
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There are a myriad of possible reasons for how both genetics and environmental upbringings can affect both the developmental process and the psychological growth of an individual. In this paper, the situation involving Will and Janie will be explained by discussing genetics, Nature vs Nurture, Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory, Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, as well as the overall impact that will be...
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INTRODUCTION Everyone wishes to attain and maintain healthy body weight. However, the weight that one gains is influenced by three main factors which are: genetics, diet, and aerobic physical exercises (Singh, Kumar, & Mahalingam, 2017). A healthy weight is defined as body weight that doesn't increase one's probability of developing comorbid weight-related problems such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension,...
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In this class I have really enjoyed learning about the issues in Biology. In rating the issues we have discussed in class from most important to least important I would list pandemics and genetics/cancer as my top two choices, followed by natural selection/evolution, sustainability, human population, biotechnology/GMO’s and, lastly, climate change. I chose to put pandemics at the top of...
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Abstract The purpose of this lab is to understand concepts that are related to genetic crosses. For this specific lab, Drosophila melanogaster were used. Drosophila melanogaster is also known as fruit flies. Created by Gregor Mendel, this experiment uses genetic rules. The purpose for the use of genetic rules is to determine the F1 generation. “Drosophila melanogaster has been widely...
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Artificial intelligence (AI) in its simplest definition refers to machines which have been developed to mimic human intelligence through the use of software and algorithms. AI is a broad concept encompassing analytical techniques such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). These analytical aspects unlock valuable information in various fields such as genomics which will have limitless benefits: in...
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INTRODUCTION The study and research of biomedical science involves uncovering the secrets of the human body whilst developing an understanding of disease, diagnosis, and treatment (Heitman, E. 2000). This means biomedical scientists must not only understand how to treat a disease, but must understand what caused that disease, how that disease can be identified and differentiated from other diseases, how...
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For my inquiry, I wanted to determine whether genetics are related to the fact that women are more prone to knee injuries than men. Specifically, Anterior Cruciate Ligament tears (ACL) in athletes. Through numerous articles I discovered a lot of information relating genetics to ACLs. Recent studies have hypothesized that genetics do in fact have relations to a higher probability...
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Abstract This experiment was performed to determine the factors that influence the tas2r38 gene has on the PTC bitter taste receptor’s genotype was determined by electrophoresis using PCR and DNA extraction. The class data C allele frequency is slightly over 50% which matches with the map which shows similar frequency’s. Which suggests that there is a correlation between the SNPs...
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Drosophila melanogaster, also referred to as “fruit flies,” are one of the most commonly used test subjects in genetic research. In the early 1900s, Thomas Hunt Morgan found a correlation between chromosomal mutations and heredity using fruit flies (Markow, 2015). Throughout the 20th and into the 21st century, research continued using fruit flies bringing forth notable findings such as genetic...
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Introduction Behavioural genetics can be defined as the study of genetics that is used to investigate the difference in nature and behaviour in livestock. It focuses on the influences of genetics mainly the genetics and the environment influences. The concept was discovered by Francis Galton in the 19th century. However, the survey of the literature on genetics was discovered recently...
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Introduction Homosexuality, a sexual orientation characterized by romantic or sexual attraction to members of the same sex, has been a subject of scientific inquiry for decades. Understanding its origins necessitates an exploration into biological, environmental, and social factors. Among these, genetics has emerged as a significant area of interest. The question of whether homosexuality is genetically predetermined has profound implications...
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Introduction Conservation of biological resources has become imperative due to the accelerated climate change that challenges the survival of many species of organisms essential to maintain the balance in various ecosystems. Exploration of genetic resources and its diversity is one of the best methods to gain insights to develop a suitable program for conservation and utilization of resources at the...
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Discovery and development of forensic genetics took a long time and required a lot of field practice. After the discovery of the ABO blood types, scientists start to use blood groups in identification for forensic genetics. In 1910, the French criminologist Edmond Locard proposed the Locard’s exchange principle and stated that “every contact leaves a trace,” which laid the foundation...
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Introduction The advent of patenting in poultry genetics has heralded a new era in agricultural biotechnology, significantly influencing both the economic landscape and public perception. As the global demand for poultry products escalates, the pursuit of genetic innovations stands as a critical component in enhancing productivity, disease resistance, and overall efficiency. Patented genetic modifications, which allow companies to monopolize specific...
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Climate change and anthropogenic measures are an increasing obstacle for global biodiversity. As global biodiversity continues to be threatened and ecological systems disturbed, measures for conserving biodiversity can become challenging (Sutherland et al., 2010).Similar to other ecological systems, marine environments face several anthropogenic challenges, such as overfishing, chemical contamination, pollution and habitat loss (Korpinen et al., 2016). Along with climate...
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Introduction In this experiment, we will be examining genetic inheritance and the transfer of traits such as performed in the experiment done by Gregor Mendel with his garden peas. However, unlike Mendel, we will be using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) nematodes instead of garden peas. C. elegans are worms measuring at around 1mm and consume E. coli and other microorganisms...
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The pre-mRNA breaks and separates from the DNA template strand, which then returns to its original form by rewinding into a double helix again. It then moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores. Within the pre-mRNA there are regions which do not code for any amino acid (non-coding regions) and are not expressed, there are also...
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Introduction Through this essay, I will introduce intelligence scientifically as a component of many different traits and defining it in context of research on intelligence in humans. It has many different definitions and can be spilt into statistical values, such as g and IQ, or specific traits that contribute to overall intelligence, such as cognitive ability, fluid and crystallised intelligence,...
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Introduction Quantitative genetics, a branch of genetics focusing on the inheritance of traits that are determined by a multitude of genes, plays a crucial role in understanding complex biological phenomena. It bridges the gap between classical Mendelian genetics and modern genomic studies by providing insights into how multiple genes interact with the environment to influence phenotypic outcomes. As the global...
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Clinical Description Sengers syndrome (SS) was first described by Sengers et al. (1975) and is also known as cardiomyopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome-10 (MTDPS10) (Calvo et al., 2012). SS is a very rare genetic disorder; approximately 59 cases have been reported to date throughout the world. SS is inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner and characterized by congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,...
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As inhabitants of the twenty-first century, there has been significant advancements in the field of genetics. One such technological advancement that is still developing may make it possible to “select” our children’s genes and characteristics (Agar, 2006). In effect, “designer babies” will likely be a possibility in the near future. A “designer baby” defined by the Oxford English Dictionary is...
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Genetic improvement programs for livestock in the developed countries have advanced to the present stage, mainly because the infrastructural elements necessary for planned breeding programs such as thorough performance recording and AI (Artificial Insemination) are available. In addition, advances have also been made in population genetics and statistics which have made it possible to develop genetic improvement schemes applicable on...
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This essay aims to answer this question by evaluating the role of genetic responsibility in doctor-patient confidentiality in the context of individuals suffering from Huntington disease (HD). HD is an uncurable and progressive neurological disorder characterised by late onset of motor, cognitive and behavioural changes. HD is an autosomal dominant disorder where an individual offspring has a 50% chance of...
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Introduction The genetic disease explored throughout this report will be 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DS), including the importance of diagnosis through genetic testing. The analysis of the disease and test should examine and answer the inquiry question: “Should genetic testing for the diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome be available without cost for newborn born with congenital heart disease?” DS is currently...
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Genetics in ecology helps us to understand the dynamic relationship that genetic diversity has with conservation, by applying phylogenetics, and using this to aid the evolutionary potential of the genetic structure (Allendorf et al. 2013). By monitoring the genetic structure of a species, a conservation priority can therefore be established. For example, a species considered as monotypic will have a...
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