Gene cloning is a biotechnology in which a section of DNA is isolated and extracted before being cloned using bacterial plasmids. To execute this process, a restriction enzyme isolates a specific gene from a strand of DNA and the plasmid, and then cuts the gene creating complementary sticky or blunt ends. These are joined to form recombinant DNA, which is...

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ABSTRACT Contact Glow Discharged Electrolysis (CGDE) is a plasma electrolysis methode has proved to treat organic wastewater effectively. The objective of this study was to investigate decolorization process of the textile dyes Remazol Red RR, Remazol Yellow FG and Remazol Brilliant Violet with an air injection using CGDE method. Air injection was increased a percentage of decolorization Remazol Red RR...

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Introduction Enumeration is the determination of the number of individual viable microbes in a sample. Enumeration of microorganisms is performed to determine the number of microorganisms in a sample because the agar method of enumerating visible colonies is time consuming and not accurate. It is essential to measure the number of viable microorganisms accurately because it is considered as a...

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Have you ever wondered how a kitten could turn into a full adult cat? If so, you are more than likely familiar with the impression of a life cycle. Cats go through some similar life cycle transition as we do. We watch something that looks like an ordinary baby kitten turn into a magnificent creature that runs free in the...

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Introduction With the Earths ever expanding population, the thought of colonisation of other planets has been in the public eye for the last decade. This debate revolves around Mars, the second closest planet to Earth, where there is talk of life being able to prosper. However, with all the hype surrounding this potential colonisation, the question of whether this goal...

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Biotechnology is defined as “the exploitation of living systems and biological processes to develop tools for technological use”. It may be applied in areas such as industry, medicine, environmental sciences as well as computer design. The field of biotechnology is very broad because there is such a wealth of biological phenomena which we could harness for human benefit. However, although...

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Everyone knows the importance of exercise, but the people are not much aware of the importance of protein and how it affects the human body in muscle recovery. Actually, muscle is starving for protein after high-intensity exercise. we all know that carbohydrates are a crucial fuel source throughout training, also perform a major role in helping recovery after exercise. However,...

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Genetic Engineering is highly controversial since some people believe that it is a form of playing God. There is a lot of opposition to the progression of the field by people who do not see the value in genetic engineering, or they fear what genetic engineering may lead to for us as people. There is a history of discovery that...

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There are a lot of factors that have forced mankind to think that they would have to leave their home planet one day and find solace on another. One of those major causes is us, ourselves. We have been a major cause to the depreciating living conditions on planet Earth, but we do need to survive and go ahead into...

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Abstract In conceptual view of big data, some living data is selected and that data is called medical data, this data contains a crucial piece of details that used for analysis purpose, after performing such kind of analysis methods the biologists can easily know the outcome of bioinformatics science more efficiently. This research is like an outline of the data...

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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are the result of modern food biotechnology, a process of genetic engineering. Since the world is mounted by overpopulation and scarcity, science has provided a solution: agricultural biotechnology. Genetically engineered crops are the future of agriculture. According to the World Health Organization, Genetically Modified (GM) foods are from organisms whose genetic material has been altered in...

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Abstract Plant magnetobiology has become an important topic to study and manage biological effects on plants.Studies over the past several years have paved its way asa new advancementfor achieving enhanced growth and development in crop plants including horticultural plants.An emphasis has been made upon the use of this technique with different magnetic field intensity and exposure. The precisemechanism of its...

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Introduction Growing crops hydroponically is an alternative to traditional soil farming methods (7). Hydroponics systems consist of a water-based solution enriching in nutrients, without the use soil (2). Commonly an artificial medium is used to provide support for the plant as soil is not being used (2). Hydroponic systems started in 1920 and have dramatically evolved in a variety of...

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While completing an exercise during the cross-cultural management class which needed us to rate certain factors according to their importance in selecting a leader to work on a project abroad, I had rated language as one of the most important factors that constitute a leader’s ability to be successful. Ironically when we got to see the ideal ratings, language wasn’t...

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We are living in a time with unprecedented opportunities to communicate with others in authentic and compelling linguistically and culturally contextualized domains. In fact, language teachers today are faced with so many fascinating options for using technology to enhance language learning that it can be overwhelming. Even for those who are inclined to experiment with emerging technologies, it can be...

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DNA which stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid is the basic unit of hereditary. DNA is a molecule that consists of the information an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. It is also known as the life instruction of the cell. These instructions are found inside every cell and are passed down from generation to generation. DNA is mainly found in...

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Abstract Amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands and pancreas of Homo Sapiens to hydrolyse polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen (Tracey 2019). Variation in the number of AMY1A gene copies is thought to be a result of ancestral heritage and levels of consumed starch (Tracey 2019). Results from a previous study conclude there to be a positive...

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Roland Barthes explains semiotic analysis is studying signs and symbols and using them for interpretation. It is the process of viewing the signs, understanding what the signs signify, what they portray and communicate. According to Barthes’s theory of semiosis, there are two parts of the sign; the signifier and the signified. Signifier is the visible part of the sign, whereas...

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of being bilingual or monolingual using reliable measures of divergent and convergent thinking of creative performance. The results gave some support for the hypothesis that framing a creative problem in a verbal context would result in lower creative performance by bilinguals. However, no evidence was found to support bilinguals ‘advantages...

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Introduction When boiling water, whether it be for pasta or some vegetables, it is always recommended to add salt into the water as the water begins to heat up to help speed up the boiling process. I will check to see whether or not this “cooking tradition” is effective or not, more specifically whether the salt actually affects the boiling...

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Abstract The following paper is about genetic disorders, the one in which has been discussed in great detail being hemophilia, the gene therapies for such genetic diseases and the advancement that have been made in this particular field of study. As you read you find the definition of gene therapy and what it involves as well as how genetic diseases...

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Agriculture and food security under shifting climatic conditions The global population is increasing day by day and is expected to increase further by 2050 (Ringler et al., 2016). This larger population will exert pressure on the prevailing resources. Further, due to urbanization and unbalanced use of fertilizers and pesticides, land for agriculture is decreasing rapidly. Despite technological advancements including mechanization...

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Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of a heart valve (native or prosthetic) or the mural endocardium, leading to tissue destruction and formation of vegetations. It is primarily a disease of the heart, but by virtue of its haematogenic spread, it is also a multisystem disorder. The aim of this article is to review the epidemiological and microbiological...

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Imagine a world where no one has chronic diseases. No babies die of genetic diseases within a year of being born. Imagine a world where the government dictates who can reproduce. A world where those with mental afflictions or physical disabilities are sterilized. Some of these statements elicit feelings of joy and progress, while others bring up feelings of unease...

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Gene therapy can pose great risks such as short-lasting effects, generational effects, and worst case; deaths. Since there are great risks to each case there are many ethical questions in line with the use of gene therapy. It can be hard to weigh the pros and cons, when it comes to such sensitive topics. For example, as demonstrated in the...

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Plant biotechnology has 3 main definitions according to the elements that are involved in the manipulation of the plants. Plant biotechnology has been used more than 6000 years for the improvement of yield or quality or to increase plants’ endurance against environmental risks and diseases. In a traditional old way, seeds are selected which will give rise to desired products....

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Introduction Code-switching is one of the controversial topics in English Language Teaching (ELT) practice. It has been studied from different perspectives and has received much critical attention from researchers worldwide. This paper aims at providing critical reflections on two selected articles from the course core readings. The first article is Learner code-switching versus English only by Andrew Sampson (2012) and...

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Introduction Photosynthesis is very complex process, if analyzed in complete detail. It involves the converting light energy to chemical energy that is used by plants. One of the main aspects of photosynthesis is the flow of electrons. In the process, there is reduction of CO₂, known as carbon dioxide, and the oxidation of H₂0, known as water. This is known...

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Fish, being a protein rich food, is often recommended for consumption by many dieticians. However, the effect of pollution of water reservoirs on the quality of nutrition provided by fish cannot be ignored. It was necessary to focus on toxic substance levels specifically heavy metals which have tendency to bio accumulate. This study investigates the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in...

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Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live on another planet? Well science is just starting to maybe make your dreams come true. However, there is a debate about whether or not we should colonize mars. In my opinion I believe we should, the advantages of colonizing a new planet could be unimaginable. In this Mars essay...

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