Today, virtual games are the favorites of many and, they continue to ride this wave of success owing in part to the programming languages used in creating them. So in the light of this development, an often asked question is which is the best? Is it JavaScript or C++? Now, although these programming languages are two of the better known...
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What modification was done? Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a long history in application of fermented food products. Progress in gene technology allows their modification by introducing new genes or by modifying their metabolic functions. These modifications are important as may lead to improvements in food technology. LAB are widely used as starter cultures for fermentation in the dairy, meat...
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ABSTRACT Study on the temperature effect on plant photosynthesis is essential for proper understanding of physiology of plants as well as designing of crops that are able to cope-up with temperatures greater as well as lower than optimum growth temperatures. Any fluctuation in temperatures from the optimum temperature affects the overall growth and productivity of plants. Any temperature fluctuation from...
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Abstract This literature review looks at why religious individuals are happier than non-religious individuals and explores the mechanisms that are involved in the process. Introduction Happiness or subjective well being (SWB) can be defined as an overall increased satisfaction with life due to an abundance of positive life experiences an individual has while minimizing negative ones (Diener, 2013; Ryan &...
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Education abroad in a new choice for young people to develop their careers and intercultiral activity as its options have become more diverse (e.g. study abroad, internships, field research, work placements, volunteering, service learning, directed travel linked to learning goals) and motivated by a wider range of goals (e.g. second-language learning, exposure to other cultures, professional enhancement, disciplinary learning, etc)....
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Introduction In recent years, the search for alternative antibacterial agents has intensified due to the alarming rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Among the promising candidates, plant-derived compounds such as phenolics and terpenoids have garnered significant attention. These natural compounds, found abundantly across various plant species, exhibit a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Historically, plants have been used in traditional medicine...
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Introduction Mitosis is a fundamental biological process that plays a crucial role in the growth and maintenance of plant cell structures. It ensures that genetic material is accurately replicated and distributed to daughter cells, facilitating various developmental processes essential for plant survival and adaptation. Understanding mitosis in plants is vital as it underpins the mechanisms of growth, tissue repair, and...
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Introduction Energy, the ability to do work, plays a key role in all living organisms by providing its cells with fuel to function properly. Because of this, metabolism also plays a key role in all living organisms. Metabolism measures all of an organism’s chemical reactions. One of the main functions of metabolism is to organize the energy of the organism...
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Introduction Marine viruses, despite their microscopic size, play a pivotal role in oceanic ecosystems. These entities, often overshadowed by their terrestrial counterparts, possess unique genetic properties that enable them to influence marine biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles significantly. As the most abundant biological entities in the ocean, with estimates of 1031 virus particles in marine environments, their impact on global carbon...
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Anatomical modifications and cellular responses Regeneration is initiated by wound healing, which is a process mediated by local muscle contraction that allows contact between the remaining dorsal and ventral epidermis layers, which happens right after a few minutes post-injury to prevent further damage and invasion of pathogens. After this, the muscle relaxes, leading to the stretch of the epidermis, creating...
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Introduction “Syllabus” is defined by Richards (2001, p.2), cited in Raine, (2010), as a specification of the content of a course of instruction which lists what will be taught and tested”. There are several distinct types of syllabus namely structural, notional/functional, lexical, content based, skill based, and situational. This assignment paper emphasises on the notional functional syllabus. First the paper...
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Abstract CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and CRISPR associated protein Cas9 has revolutionized gene and genome editing. This system was discovered in prokaryotes as a defence mechanism to protect themselves from viral predators via three basic steps of spacer-acquisition, Crispr RNA (crRNA) processing and interference. CRISPR-Cas display a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that memorize previous infection by integrating...
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Abstract Bioremediation of different waste waters is a relatively new technology that has undergone more intense investigation in recent decades. As rapid industrialization and urbanization releases numerous toxic compounds into natural water bodies, polluting both fresh water resources as well as marine water. This process is focused on destroying or immobilizing toxic waste materials present in these water sources. Several...
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ABSTRACT The viral family of Coronaviridae has an important genus that affects humans called Coronavirus (CoV). CoVs distinct spike surface protein projections and its single stranded enveloped RNA give this virus its distinguishable structure. It is the spike surface proteins which bring about virus entry into host cells and the RNA to facilitate multiplication within the host. Once multiplication has...
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The debate of nature vs. nurture is a centuries long discussion splitting psychologist’s perspectives on human behavior and traits. The nature position of the debate focuses on how DNA and genotype influence behavior and personality. It is essentially hard-wired into your being. On the other hand, nurture leans toward outside influences and interactions shaping your mind. Nurture is founded on...
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Abstract Plant tissue culture, or the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs, and their components beneath defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro, is an important tool in both fundamental and connected ponders as well as in commercial application. It was the accessibility of these techniques that driven to the application of tissue culture to five broad zones, specifically, cell...
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Bromelain was first identified in 1891. Vicente Marcano, a Venezuelan chemist, isolated it by taking pineapple and fermenting it. Only one year later, in 1892, more research was conducted on the enzyme by Russell Henry Chittenden, Elliott P. Joslin, and Frank Sherman Meara. They named the enzyme Bromelain. They discovered that Bromelain is good at dividing proteins such as the...
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Microbiology was believed by many microbiologists to experience its second golden age, prior to that is the first golden age which initiated by Pasteur’s Germ theory of disease. The second golden age of microbiology introduced another field of general biology which is molecular genetics. It uses microorganisms as a model in conducting researches. It started in the year 1940's, when...
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Large populations of humans tend to live near bodies of water. Because of these dense populations, water quality is an issue in these areas. Due to natural and anthropogenic changes, water quality can become poor (Duodu et. al). Contaminants negatively affect water quality from many sources such as disposal of liquid effluents, runoff carrying harmful chemicals that may be urban,...
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An argument is a valid product of argumentative reasoning consisting of at least one claim and one premise. It is the process by which many claims are offered based on premises and one reaches a conclusion that is relevant and provides good grounds. Argumentation is the process by which arguments are dialogically and dialectically constructed. Logic is the science that...
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Introduction Diffusion is that the net movement of anything from an area of upper concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in concentration and the thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. It measures the speed of transfer of warmth of structure from heated end...
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Chromatography is used to distinguish various components from product mixtures. All types of chromatography have a stationary phase (a solid or a solid-based liquid) and a mobile phase (a liquid or a gas). The mobile phase moves through the stationary phase. Distribution of analyte takes place through columns has stationary phase fixed into its internal surface area. The coloumn is...
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Introduction Genome-editing, a recent technological advancement in the field of life sciences & is one of the techniques used to explore the understanding of the biological phenomenon. Besides having different site-directed nucleases for genome editing over a decade ago, the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) based genome editing approach has become a choice of technique due to...
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Introduction Functional foods are known to possess an additional characteristic by adding new ingredients or increasing the existing ingredients. This term may apply to those traits which are purposely incorporated into existing edible plants, such as purple or gold potatoes having enriched anthocyanin or carotenoid contents, respectively. They are designed to contain physiological benefits which reduce the danger of chronic...
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Introduction Teaching English abroad has become an increasingly popular career choice for educators, travelers, and recent graduates seeking to immerse themselves in new cultures while sharing their language skills. The global demand for English proficiency ensures that opportunities abound across various continents, each offering unique experiences and challenges. Countries like China, South Korea, and Spain are often highlighted as top...
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Food science is defined as the study of the physical, biological and chemical of food, which most of the studies related to food processing and food deterioration while food technology is the application of it involved in packaging, preservation and food safety (Institute of Fodd Technologies, 2019). The fields that closely related to the food technology are such as biotechnology,...
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The purpose of this experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown diprotic or triprotic acid by performing a standard titration procedure. Standardized NaOH was used to titrate the unknown acid and the changes in pH and volumes were recorded. The molar mass (98.4g/mol), pKa (1.81), and Ka () were calculated. The overall findings resulted in the identification of...
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USING BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROP DEVELOPMENT Farmers have been practising a crude form of biotechnology for centuries by cross-breeding plants to introduce and maintain desirable characteristics. More recently, plant technologists have bombarded plant cells or small plants with radiation that damages DNA, causing random changes that so result in 'better' plants. However, the newest, truly biotechnological techniques involve genetic engineering and...
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Chromatography is an important physical technique that is used for separation, identification, and purification of multi-component mixtures for qualitative and quantitative analysis (Coskun, 2016). There are many types of chromatographic systems such as liquid chromatography, which began in the late 1930s (Guiochon, Felinger, Shirazi and Katti, 2006), and gas chromatography, which was developed in the 1950s (Scott, 1995). A very...
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Introduction and Background information The aims of this experiment were to quantitatively analyse cranberry juice samples using the technique of spectrophotometry and also, to determine the percentage of pure, natural cranberry juice in a selection of cranberry juice drink products. Spectrophotometry is a technique used to measure the level of the chemical constitutes in a solution based on the absorption...
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