Many believe that DNA is the silver bullet in a crime scene investigation, to which I strongly disagree. Quoting Chris Alpen, ‘DNA can never replace a thoughtful, creative detective with the right resources’, and that ‘technology is ultimately a system run by humans where mistakes can and will be made, regardless of how advanced it is.’ DNA is powerful in...
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Literature weaves itself into the fabric of a generation’s intellectual journey. Its impact repeats itself for evolving audiences across decades. Discussion of its intricate language and its effect on readers with all types of personal backgrounds serves as evidence of a novel’s unifying nature. Chinua Achebe explores the impact of Joseph Conrad’s novel, Heart of Darkness, and the praised language...
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Phrenology was a pseudoscience that aimed to study the size and shapes of skulls in order to determine one’s mental abilities, or lack thereof (Real Archaeology, 2017). This “science” was welcomed in the early 1800’s but it has since been refused by most scientists for at least the past 50 or 60 years. Even though we may reject it now,...
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Life is a DNA driven programme and death results from its technical failure. Protein and DNA were evolved naturally from the gas present in the environment of the primitive world. It was the effect of high voltage thunderbolts and asteroid hits on the surface of the earth. Millions of years ago passage of the high voltage energy across the environmental...
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Traditional language manifests essential bonds through cultural identity which shapes ethnic domain and individuality. Communication empowers how ideas are contrived within society because of diversification and its impact on people. In Gloria Anzaldúa’s ruminative essay, How to Tame A Wild Tongue, she emphasizes how language and culture are inseparable and that a native tongue ties in with the identity of...
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Pollution of chicken meat and its products by heavy metals is important for human diet in all over the world because they contribute to solve the global food problems and provide the well-known protein, fat, essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins and other nutrients and they also have a milder flavor which is more readily complemented with flavoring and sauces. Environmental...
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Canning salt, pickling salt, kosher sat, regular salt and Himalayan salt-- which is which? All the salt choices can be quite confusing. This article breaks it down for you so you know exactly which salt jar to reach for depending on your needs! One key ingredient in the process of pickling is salt. Does it matter what kind of salt...
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Introduction Starch is a common polysaccharide, made up of glucose monomers (Serrano and Peralta, 2015). Pancreatic amylase is often the enzyme involved in the digestion of starch (Chegeni et al., 2018). Amylase is also an exoenzyme and facilitates the digestion of dietary carbohydrates (Nifty et al., 2019). Amylase causes conformational changes in starch, resulting in a reduced viscosity, and increased...
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Most of the time, we have always considered that the way we view the world is the same between cultures. There’s up, down, left, right, past, present, and so on. But what if that wasn’t the case? What if the language we were raised speaking changes the way we think, and how we view reality? This is the question posed...
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Introduction Down syndrome, a genetic condition resulting from an extra chromosome 21, has long been the subject of medical, ethical, and social debates. The advent of prenatal screening technologies has intensified discussions around the eugenics movement and coercive practices in reproductive health. Eugenics, historically associated with improving genetic quality, has evolved to include subtle coercive measures influencing parental decisions regarding...
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Language wields immense power over humanity. People from all over the world travel great distances with their words. The art of language bridges cultures and borders to bring ideas and messages near and far. However language is not alone in our difference from the animal kingdom. Language belongs to the great distribution of similarities and signatures. Consequently, it must be...
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We imagine that in the future, the human species will expand and learn to live on other worlds, creating life where there was nothing. For years we have thought that it would only be the subject of one’s fantasy, but now, NASA is attempting to make that dream a reality by trying to send a crewed mission to the moon...
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Introduction In our IB biology class, we’ve learned about enzymatic reaction and we’ve done the experiment on that unit. The experiment was about the rate of enzymatic reaction of lactosemilk by using an enzyme called lactase at different temperatures. At different temperatures, the rate of reaction changed. I was interested in this topic because there were more factors, not only...
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Intro Ok cool Now raise your hand if you can name the planets in order of closest to farthest from the sun? “Hopefully not many”- remark about how little we know about space or at least care to know. Well that's true in a sense for astronomers as well as they continue to debate our rules about quantum mechanics, how...
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Introduction An experiment was carried out to determine the pH status of beer and wine. Three different techniques to measure the samples status of acid or alkali were used; litmus paper, pH meter and titration. PH is a way of expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. PH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with 7 being neutral...
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INTRODUCTION The light from the Sun and the presence of carbon dioxide is crucial in propelling the process of photosynthesis. It is these main factors that plants can grow and expand. However, the threat of climate change will dramatically alter the conditions in which flora can thrive in. Hence forth this experiment is to model and investigate the impacts of...
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Introduction Plant molecular biology and genomics have revolutionized our understanding of plant life, providing unprecedented insights into the complex mechanisms governing plant growth, development, and adaptation. As the global demand for sustainable agriculture increases, the significance of these fields becomes ever more apparent. By dissecting the molecular intricacies of plants, scientists aim to enhance crop resilience, improve yield, and address...
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Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the absorbance and concentration of two samples (2% milk and almond milk) compared to standard concentrations. The absorbances were found through spectrophotometry of each sample. The result of this test showed that the amount of protein in the 2% milk and almond milk were less than the majority of the standard...
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Introduction Infrared Spectroscopy is the study of matter and its interaction with electromagnetic radiation and it can be used in order to determine the functional group within a sample (2). When infrared light hits a certain molecule it can cause pulling and bending between the bonds present, which also determined the amount of absorbance there is. The intensity of an...
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Sending people to Mars is one of humanity’s greatest ambitions this century. We are not just going there, but we plan live there as well. With the climate of Earth heading toward a dire state human might need to leave Earth indefinitely one day. However, sending people to Mars is no easy task and the challenges that lie ahead for...
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INTRODUCTION As curiosity leads to discovery, innovation continues to grow and develop to serve its purpose. For centuries, humans find a way to make their lives easier and try to alleviate the problems presented to them. Along the way, humans were able to integrate engineering principles to the field of medicine and thus creating a new concept called Bioengineering. According...
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Abstract An important method used in biology is plasmid purification. What makes this method so important is because a purified plasmid sample is essential for many experiments, including important techniques like DNA sequencing. Purified E.coli plasmid pBR322 using gel electrophoresis and a calibration curve were used in this experiment to quantify the size of the purified plasmid. Examples were examined...
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Introduction Space exploration represents one of the most formidable challenges of modern science, requiring astronauts and cosmonauts to confront a multitude of risks that can affect their health and performance. The complex interplay of these risks—ranging from microgravity and radiation exposure to psychological stressors—can have profound implications on the human body and mind. As space agencies plan longer and more...
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There is often much more meaning behind the language used in speech, texts and advertisements than what appears on the surface. Ideologies, from a critical point of view, are considered to be descriptions of worldly features which build, support and challenge the dynamics between different groups of individuals (Fairclough, 2003). Dominant groups embed these ideologies in different methods of communication...
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The origin of DNA fingerprinting was discovered in 1984 by Dr Alec Jeffreys (Jackson and Jackson, 2011, p. 158). Over the decades, with technical developments in genetics, the original DNA fingerprinting procedure has undertaken a variety of modifications and refinements. DNA profiling has become so precise and sensitive that in the United Kingdom it is no longer allowed to be...
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Food insecurity is the lack of access to enough nutritious food, and is an occurrence that hundreds of millions of people face daily (P. Webb, 2006). Genetically modified crops provide great opportunity to improve food quality and to improve yields of crops without increasing the need for fertilisers and pesticides (R. Goodman, 2008). This suggests that genetic modification could help...
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The effects of the sun can be seen within minutes on some people as freckles appear, skin tone darkens and (perhaps) redness begins to spread. However, what these visible changes within the epidermis of the skin are caused by, is much less obvious. The damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure - produced by the sun - on the DNA...
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Introduction Encouraging as many students to study botany is becoming a major priority for universities across our globe. The Royal Society of Biology have highlighted the lack of plant based teaching in current tertiary education [1]. Out of a total of 130 UK universities only 22 offer any sort of plant/botany based degree as of October 2018. The Boyer Commission...
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Images play on the habitus of their audience. The fifties brought mass marketing’s ubiquitous use of imagery, spurring on the permeation of everyday life by those who control the image. Of course, this isn’t simply limited to consumption purposes, though particularly in contemporary cultural studies we must be aware of the often-deceptive function that can be both attributed and distributed....
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Apoptosis goes early back into the 1970’s where kinetic studies of development of tumour growth stated that cell loss from cancerous tumours were high and rates that were observed show less than 5% predicted of tumour growth that of measurements of proliferation (Kerr et al., 1972; Wyllie et al., 1980) Vast impact on tumour growth could have been from the...
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