Popeye domain-containing (POPDC) proteins are effector proteins that bind to cAMP to create a second messenger response that can influence the behaviour of cancer cells (Amunjela & Tucker, 2016). There are three different genes POPDC1, POPDC2 and POPDC3 that encode these proteins, however only POPDC1 and POPDC3 have been related to cancer cell behaviour. POPDC1 and POPDC3 are organised in...
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Introduction In this assignment Titratable acidity (TA) and pH are methods used to measure levels of acidity. In this experiment pH testing and Titratable Acidity measurements were carried out on fresh milk and buttermilk. The purpose of this assignment was to determine the acidity levels in fresh milk and buttermilk and then by using a pH meter to determine the...
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A genetic disorder is a disease caused by a mutation or change in an individual’s DNA. Sometimes a whole or part of a gene is defective or missing from birth or can mutate later in life, which can disrupt how proteins are made. This affects the body’s systems and causes health problems and diseases, such as sickle cell, SCID, and...
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Summary Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide with myocardial infarction being the frontrunner for morbidity and mortality. Although medical and surgical treatments currently can significantly improve patient outcomes there exists no treatment that can generate new cardiac tissue or reverse the damage caused by cardiovascular disease. With new research being available that challenges the idea that myocytes...
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A regular physical activity program is another cornerstone of diabetes care. Much attention must be paid to choosing the most suitable activity. The duration, intensity and frequency should be advised by your doctor or the team of specialists who follow you. The total amount of carbohydrates introduced each day with the diet must be such as to provide between 45...
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Introduction Through evolution, bacteria and archaea have developed methods to evade and fend off predatory viruses for their survival. One such method is the CRISPR-Cas system of adaptive immunity. The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic material such as those present in plasmids and phage’s and it provides a form of acquired immunity....
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Over the years genetic disorders and gene-related illness have been responsible for high mortality rates and reduced quality of life. Genetic disorders can be due to misalignment, missing genes or excess of a gene. Genetic therapy works to replace the defective genes with new ones. Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individual's cells and tissues to treat...
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Introduction DNA profiling has emerged as a pivotal tool in forensic science and beyond, revolutionizing our approach to criminal investigation, medical diagnostics, and identity verification. This technique involves analyzing specific regions of the DNA to create a unique genetic fingerprint for an individual. The importance of DNA profiling cannot be overstated, as it has provided an unprecedented level of accuracy...
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Introduction An ergogenic aid is an external influence, both legal and illegal which positively affects sporting performance. The legality of ergogenic aids is controlled by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) (Kayser et al, 2007). Buck et al (2013) stated that a legal ergogenic aid in sport can provide athletes with additional opportunity to enhance their performance beyond training alone. There...
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Microorganisms are very tiny organisms that has a great impact in life activities. These microorganisms have been a subject of research and more of microbial functions are yet to be discovered. The aim of this essay is to explore the classification, structure and functions of microorganisms, Microbial growth with growth curves and factors that affects microbial survival and lastly, the...
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All celestial objects like planets, stars, and moons are mostly spherical. As gravity squeezes objects towards its core, objects will try to form the most compact shape possible which is a sphere. This applies to single interstellar objects only but what about a group of objects like our solar system or any galaxy we find in outer space? From observation...
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Bacteria is an example of a unicellular prokaryote. Several bacteria move by turning the flagellum (Kojima, 2015). Several movable bacteria move in fluid or on a firm exterior utilising their flagellum. The flagellum has a spiral shape and expands from the cell body. The flagellum’s turning movement causes the bacterial cell to swim. The rotary motor located in the inner...
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Introduction The browning of an apple or other foods like potatoes and bananas are something that we have all seen in our everyday life. This phenomenon is caused by the interaction of enzymes, that are naturally found in plants, with oxygen. These enzymes oxidize to create the brown colour that we are familiar with. Enzymes are natural catalysts that help...
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A microorganism is an organism which is microscopic, which means so small that people cannot see them with the naked eye. Most microbes are unicellular and small enough that they require artificial magnification to be seen. However, there are some unicellular microbes that are visible to the naked eye and some multicellular organisms that are microscopic. Microorganisms differ from each...
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Dialect can be defined as a variety of a language that differs from others in its vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation peculiar to a specific region or social group. It is widely accepted that standard dialects and accents are often rated more favourably than nonstandard varieties. As a result, The issue of addressing dialect discrimination has been a source of great...
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Scientists in the 20th century focused on previous research based on race and whether or not it had any substance today. The term ‘race’ is often rejected by scientists due to its prejudicial and mythical nature. Scientists today often claim that race is a human construct, not a scientific one. They reject scientists who argue that race is true, as...
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Microorganisms are small, as the name implies, they can't be viewed in the naked eye without the help of a microscope and techannly microbes are organisms that are microscopic. They are present in all living organisms and are responsible for producing energy sources like nitrogen and carbon etc.While a few microbes are harmful in their nature, other microorganisms are incredibly...
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Introduction As the name suggests, biotechnology is technology that is based on biology. It utilises cellular and biomolecular procedures to develop products and methods which can be used to enhance business processes and improve our quality of life as well as the health of the environment (Bio, 2020). Mankind’s use of these biological processes are by no means a novel...
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In an ideal world, we would walk freely knowing we aren't being tracked. However in our reality more and more people get entered to a DNA database everyday. DNA profiling is a technique in which the police compare DNA found at the crime scene to someone else DNA from the database to see if they can get it to match...
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Intro Mankind has always been curious, from discovering new countries back in time to searching the ocean below the earth. Now through advancements in technology, our curiosity has taken control and the void of space has peaked our interests. This has brought some arguments as to whether it is worth the cost and the risk to human life to explore...
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Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, developed by E.M. Rogers in 1962, is one of the oldest social science theories. It originated in communication to explain how, over time, an idea or product gains momentum and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or social system. The end result of this diffusion is that people, as part of a social system,...
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External motivations are ‘contact-based’ motivations, Weinreich et al (1968) put great emphasis on the need to incorporate external factors into a theory of language change. Hickey (2010) states that while “internal change is that which occurs within a speech community, generally among monolingual speakers, external change is that which is induced by contact with speakers of another language [(or dialect)]”...
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Mitosis and meiosis are both involved in the process of making new cells. However mitosis results in (body cells) and meiosis results in (gametes). The starting cell in both mitosis and meiosis is formed with 2 sets of chromosomes in humans that involves one set of 23 chromosomes from mum and 1 set of 23 chromosomes from dad. Interphase is...
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In this essay I will be evaluating co-production in relation to their strengths and limitations. I will explain how this concept promotes relationship-based and person centred in relation to social work practice. Social workers will also empower individuals and let people be independent and self-determined, living the lives they want and having control. Social workers will follow the guide of...
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This study delves deeply into the current state of the earth, as well creating a clearer image of the future, provided that countries act collectively, to restore the planet before the impacts are irreversible. The Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration released a statement declaring that “human civilization will crumble by 2050 if we do not combat climate change now.”...
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Speech and language therapy is recommended for anybody who has problems with their speech and/ or communication, perhaps due to a developmental or neurological disorder. Conditions which usually affect speech include developmental disorders like autism which can cause problems with social skills and the use of additional communicative techniques such as facial expressions and body language, leading to a lack...
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The purpose of this document is to provide a critical summary of Boroditsky (2001) paper on linguistic relativity, as well as provide an evaluation of the impacts of the paper’s findings. The paper is part of a mass of literature in psychology looking at evidence of language influencing thought, or how the speakers’ language structure affects cognition. In existing literature,...
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“There are other forms of intelligent life out there”[Brief answer to big questions,pg 85]. A controversial and thought provoking statement that more often than not catalysis a galaxy of valid questions. The question that has seemed to grip minds of those since the beginning of time: Aliens. Fact or Fiction . By definition an Alien is a resident of one...
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Language learning is a complex process which requires a thorough study. A lesson can be a complete failure if we don’t consider the possible blocks. When the desired result is not reached and the progress is unseen, it’s high time to weigh up the pros and cons of our pedagogic approaches. As educators, we need to do our best to...
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Enterococci are facultative anaerobic and Gram-positive bacteria often forming normal fecal flora of humans. However, these bacteria are increasingly appearing as primary pathogens among patients with compromised immune systems (Hemalatha, Bhaskaran, Sowmiya, & Anusheela Howlader, 2017). This manifestation is believed to be due to its resistance to various antibiotics along with its ability to form biofilms and acquiring some virulence...
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