When looking at why political concepts are subject to contestation, it is important to first look at how they are contested. In W.B. Gallie’s journal article ‘essentially contested concepts’ (1956, p.167), he states that such a concept can never be agreed upon even by ‘reasonable men’ as they would argue interminably (Gallie, 1956) over its meaning. This essay will use...
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“Each year, more than 100 million animals- including mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birds -are killed in the U.S laboratories for biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetic testing.” But some people don’t care about that. Some people say “ Animals do not have rights, therefore it is...
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Many people give up something for the goods of others. Some are willing to sacrifice their lives to fight for justice and a better future for their country. This is shown Julia Alvarez’s novel, In the Time of the Butterflies, where the four sisters run a powerful and eventful journey in the fight for the freedom. Minerva, Patria, Maria Teresa...
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For many people, cosmetics are a part of everyday life; from shampoo and toothpaste, to a full face of makeup. These products make us feel beautiful and confident, but the truth behind them is extraordinarily gruesome. Animal testing is a process that has existed for thousands of years, and unfortunately, it is something we’ve come to accept. In the article,...
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Introduction Human trafficking, a grave violation of human rights, represents a significant facet of transnational crime, affecting millions globally. Transnational crimes, characterized by their cross-border nature, encompass illegal activities that transcend national jurisdictions and challenge international law enforcement. Human trafficking, in particular, is a multi-billion dollar industry that exploits vulnerable populations through forced labor, sexual exploitation, and other forms of...
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The whole world is suffering and is busy fighting the Covid-19 crisis. Everyone is facing huge repercussions due to it, be it political, social, professional, or economical. The governments are trying their best to take as many precautions as it can and for the same many countries have announced nationwide lockdown including India to prevent the spread of the virus....
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Hostile or negative attitudes toward people in a particular group are called prejudice. Perhaps one of the worst and most stubborn qualities of human nature is that the capacity to feel hatred towards the outlier and to be prejudiced.The behavioral expression of prejudice is discrimination. Discrimination is a process that involves the whole of negative attitudes and behaviors that are...
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Introduction to the Global Crisis of Human Trafficking “Worldwide trafficking projections range from 350,000 to 1.5 million victims, with, again, the vast majority being women and children...In addition, as many as 50% of all trafficking victims are said to be children or adolescents, both girls and boys” (Schauer and Wheaton). Human trafficking can be traced all the way back to...
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It has already been the 21st Century and science and technology have reached the zenith of success. Man has been a part of this sophisticated society with all the comforts at his finger-tips. Despite of all the advancements, many people are getting dragged into the vicious cycle of crimes and murders. There might be infinite number of reasons for a...
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Introduction Martin Luther King Jr. and Frederick Douglass stand as towering figures in the annals of American history, both revered for their enduring activism in the pursuit of freedom and equality. Their lives, though separated by nearly a century, are intertwined by a shared commitment to justice and human rights. Douglass, a former slave, rose to prominence in the 19th...
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Since the 1980s, gender equality has been the main subject of discussion in the Greek law and policymaking. Nonetheless, it was the harmonisation of Greece’s legislation with the EU acquis that established gender equality within the labour market (Vaiou, 2014). Therefore, when gender equality in European work policies was prioritised, the Greek legal framework was reformed with the relevant legislation...
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Reproductive justice rights are belief that everyone has the right to control their own fertility through access to birth control, abortion, and comprehensive sex education. In the United States we have had to fight to keep these rights, especially with Roe vs. Wade. Roe vs. Wade was when abortion was legalized across the United States in 1973 and protected by...
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Discrimination based on gender and skin color is still one of the world's greatest problems in society. Political, medical, and in the military seem to have the biggest unjustified discrimination cases against people of color and women, in society. The discrimination problem was big also during the world wars, where women were seen as weak and fragile, not suitable for...
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Gender discrimination takes place as a result of sexism, According to (Merriam -Webster), sexism is discrimination based on sex especially in the form against women.it is the unfair treatment of people based on their sex or gender.it is based on the idea that women are inferior to men and functions to oppress women in the society. (Integrity Ethics Module 9...
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“Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes” By Rowan Axelsen Throughout George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four novel and Kurt Wimmer’s Equilibrium film, power and control are maintained by totalitarian governments who regulate all aspects of the dystopian society. This makes the audience think and try to prevent future damages that could happen in...
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It is not a secret that if you have never experienced racial profiling before, you won’t even notice that. Or, it may seem to be nothing more than a mere inconvenience for you or your relatives. But I believe that racial profiling is much more than a hassle because it has direct consequences for anyone involved in it. The thing...
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INTRODUCTION In an attempt to make a perfect society the people in the community lose their freedom and don't gain anything from it. Through her novel The 'Giver', Lois Lowry utilizes the aims, that the community tried to make a perfect society and gain a lot, by solving world problems. Firstly, Lowry explores the community controlling the weather. Secondly, the...
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Discrimination refers to the horrific treatment of individuals regarding their sex, skin-colour or appearance. The isolated characters are usually segregated and abused into obeying others with more power. The crisis of discrimination is very evident in John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men as major characters are severely impacted by their segregation, leading them to discard their dreams and hopes and...
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Prejudice is a social behaviour where an individual or group is assessed, typically in a negative way, based on preconceived opinions or attitudes. This concept is a focal theme of both Harper Lee’s novel, “To Kill A Mockingbird”, and “The Help” directed by Tate Taylor. These texts include similar aspects of prejudice that regard gender, social and racial grouping. They...
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The film ‘to kill a mockingbird’ by Robert Mulligan and Reginal Rose’s ‘twelve angry men’ are two texts that shows similarities and differences of a corrupted court and the consequences of an efficient court system and to overcome this barrier to justice, strong and courageous individuals are needed, in fact they are very crucial to uphold the law without prejudice....
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Two things from the bedrock of any open society- freedom of expression and rule of law. If you don’t have those things, you don’t have a free country. -Salman Rushdie As wonderfully said by Sir Salam Rushdie, freedom of expression is the substratum of any free country. Freedom to speech and expression is regarded as the basic of liberty. This...
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“Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself” (King, 1963). Few words in Letter from a Birmingham Jail from Martin Luther King Jr., an activist of civil rights and champion of human rights, equality and justice. In the society we live in, activism is like a coin. It can be seen with two sides. Some...
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ABSTRACT “No man can be grateful at cost of his honour, no women can be grateful at cost of her chastity and no nation can be grateful at the cost of his liberty”. - Daniel O Connell Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental right that goes to the very heart of individual liberty and freedom. While on the...
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ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the major problem of refugees and analyses the Principle of Non-refoulement in this regard. The paper focuses on the nature, scope and history of this principle. It also indulges into whether non-refoulement can be treated as a jus cogens norm by going through the criteria that have been laid down by the International Law Commission’s...
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Introduction The education system in Northern America is a reflection of societal values, yet it remains a battleground for racial inequality. Despite legislative advancements and societal progress, racism persists within educational institutions, creating barriers for marginalized communities. This essay explores the manifestations of racism in education across Northern America, examining its historical roots, contemporary challenges, and potential solutions. The issue...
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In Freedom, Equality, and Justice for All, James N. Leiker argues that the U.S. was not truly fighting for democracy and freedom during World War II. Many people drew comparison between the Jim Crow laws and Nazism, which is ironic considering the United States were fighting against it. During wars such as World War I and World War II African...
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America is often known as the land of opportunity, a place where you can be free. Many abundant number immigrants’ women traveled from all over the world to the United States in aspiration to seek job opportunities or to have a better life and better lives than the ones they left behind. Coming to the United States is a very...
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Introduction An increase in internal conflicts between Rohingyas at the Ukhiya and Teknaf camps in Cox’s Bazar has caused crime rates in the area to skyrocket. In the last 14 months, 22 Rohingyas have been murdered by their fellow refugees, and certain groups within them are involved in kidnapping for ransom, extortion, rape, forced disappearances, robberies, gunrunning, drug dealing, and...
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Abstract Does the violation of Child Rights lead to Child Labour problem? Violation of Child Rights is a topic of great concern in every country of the world since the Industrial Revolution, Globalization, and Privatization etc. Under these entire situations, Child Rights are denied and these factors have led to the creation of such circumstances where millions of children worldwide...
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Domestic violence can affect women both physically and mentally as well as their sexual health. According to findings by the National Law Enforcement Memorial Fund, between 2010 and 2014, 20 of the 91 calls for service, or 22 percent, that resulted in an officer fatality were classified as a domestic dispute (Smith et.al 2017). Domestic abuse cases can be incredibly...
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