Wars occur every day around the world. A battle that is practically unknown to many, is the drone war. This may sound interesting if youâre a science fiction buff, but unfortunately, this war is no tale of fiction. In an article called âMerry Christmas America! Letâs Remember the Children who Live in Fear of Our Killer Dronesâ by The Intercept...
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In addition, Foucault (1977) dedicates an emphasis on analysing the theory of panopticism. Designed in the late eighteenth century, Jeremy Bentham exemplified the architecture of the prison called Panopticon. Essentially, this is a proposed idea of a prison that introduces a new mode of power using power of mind over mind in the process of ensuring that the prisoners would...
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Introduction KimberlĂŠ Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality has profoundly influenced contemporary discussions on social justice, identity, and systemic inequality. Introduced in the late 1980s, intersectionality offers a framework for understanding how various forms of discrimination, such as racism, sexism, and classism, intersect and compound to create unique experiences for marginalized individuals. Crenshaw, a legal scholar, illustrated this concept through the metaphor...
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Abstract: This essay gives you important guidelines on the detailed explanation of the Social Cognitive Theory i.e. historical background on the development of Social Cognitive Theory, evolution to the current status and contribution of Albert Bandura as the main theorist as well as other social scientists. This essay goes into the detail explanation of social learning and social change with...
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Introduction Michel Foucault's "Panopticism," a chapter from his seminal work "Discipline and Punish," offers a profound examination of the mechanisms of power and control within society. By employing the metaphor of the Panopticonâa circular prison designed by Jeremy BenthamâFoucault illustrates how disciplinary techniques permeate various aspects of social life, extending beyond prisons to schools, hospitals, and workplaces. This essay aims...
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Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) multi-store model illustrates the three components involved in memory; where sensory information enters memory (sensory register), where information is processed (short-term memory), and where rehearsed information is held indefinitely (long-term store). As there is an immense amount of sensory information at a given time, only attended to information goes to the short-term memory. The rest is...
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Children who commit minor unlawful behaviors were exposed to harsh punishment, therefore this is the inappropriate treatment for children in conflict with the law, as it disobeys act 108 of 1996 in section 28 of the constitution. In the 1990s South Africa introduced diversion to focus on the best interest of the child, providing appropriate treatment and punishment for children...
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Social class and crime behavior relationship is a long-standing basis of discussion in criminology. The society has this perception that crimes are to be committed mostly by a lower class group of people in the society, forgetting the fact that even the upper and middle-class people commit serious crimes too. These social classes are a result of emerging divisions in...
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An inaccurate report of university sexual assault on the bases of racial bias has been created to ignore women of color given by critics of the Office of Civil Rightsâ enforcement of Title IX. Keeping women out of the picture, their explanation is focused on the frequent and false accusations of men of color who are punished intensively. Women of...
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Sociology is a field that I find very interesting because it forces me to look at things from all sorts of perspectives, not just my own. I'm used to viewing the world through my particular biases and leanings that it is exciting to see the world in different ways as well as understand why those views (including my own) are...
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An individual identity may sometimes be defined or influenced by terms that are used to define the individual. The world we live in is ever changing and is characterized by gender labels. This is referred to as labeling and it is premised on the labeling theory. Labeling entails that the identity assigned to an individual is in some respect altered...
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The way that people interconnect using the Internet has truly transformed since 1990. Social media has introduced new means for people to communicate with each other and stay connected. People chat with one another and share memes via Facebook, post pictures on Instagram and Snapchat, etc. Technology has significantly altered the way that people search for love. In this modern...
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Throughout history philosophers have developed ethical theories that attempt to distinguish what is morally right and wrong. Although these theories differ from one another, they all can be applied to multiple aspects of our society. Some examples of these theories include Utilitarianism, Cultural Relativism, Social Contract Theory, and Kantianism. The differences between each of these theories are as follows. Utilitarianism...
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Introduction Over the centuries there have been many philosophers who have sought to explain how political systems are formed, how they work and which one is the best form of rule. This has brought about many different theories from philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. While some of these theories have been accepted, other theories have been heavily debated and...
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There are some major differences in criminal offending, particularly in the ethnic-racial differences among offenders. Studies over the years have shown a correlation between race and crime (Gabbidon, 2015:4) But, why is that? There are three theoryâs that adequately explain and justify the ethnic-racial differences in criminal offending. The first theory that adequately explains these differences in the social disorganization...
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A Constitution is a document which comes into existence primarily when a Nation is formed. Tracing back to the history of governing authority of the State, the inception can be marked from the time when the Divine Power (Almighty) governed the humanitarian society. When, gradually the society started growing, the Divine/ Supreme power was vested the authority in certain chosen...
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Introduction Social Contract Theory, a foundational concept in moral and political philosophy, explores how individuals consent, either implicitly or explicitly, to surrender some of their freedoms in exchange for security and order provided by a governing entity. Rooted in the works of philosophers like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the theory has been instrumental in analyzing societal structures...
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Introduction During the enlightenment period many philosophers presented commentaries on the political realm of their society. Such writings have encouraged revolutions such as: the English, American and French revolution. One observes that Enlightenment philosophers operated on the notion that the existing social and political orders could not withstand critical scrutiny and were rooted in religious myth and mystery and founded...
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In the film American me directed by Edward James Olmos, the film follows a chicano youth by the name of Montoya Santana whom at the age of sixteen first enters the California penal system. He is introduced to the criminal justice system which in turn causes him to be caught in the path of lifelong crime until his premature death....
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In an attempt to understudy the causative effects of deviant behaviors, the context of labeling came about. (Goode, E. 1975). Before this period, juvenile delinquent behavior was considered a product of the society, environment or an attribute of the youths, linking this with socioeconomic deprivation with a need to punish or treat these juveniles. This led to a shift in...
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This assignment is a review of the five articles given. In this assignment, topic on âLabeling Theoryâ will discussed first. The topic on âThe Normal and Pathologicalâ, âThe Social Construction of Crimeâ, âThe Reach of the Law: Sin, Crime and Poor Taste and Cultureâ, âCrime and Cultural Criminologyâ will also be discussed respectively. For the Labeling Theory discussed by Howard...
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Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of classicism with one other theoretical perspective that you have encountered in Block 1, and critically evaluate which perspective is most useful in considering issues of crime and justice. The ideas of modern âjusticeâ have at their core two concepts, around which have shaped the way Western liberal democracies have constructed the legal...
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âWe the peopleâŚâ is a phrase from the United States Constitution that represents the embodiment of social contract principle born out of the Enlightenment age by Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke. Social Contract Theory has had massive influence in western governments, as one of the oldest theories pertaining to the ordnance of citizens in society. The basis of...
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Introduction Labeling theory, rooted in the sociological study of deviance, asserts that the labels society assigns to individuals can significantly influence their self-identity and behavior. First introduced by Howard Becker in the 1960s, the theory suggests that deviance is not inherent in an act but is the result of the labels attached by society. This perspective challenges traditional theories of...
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âThe idea of the social contract goes back at least to Epicurus. In its recognizably modern form, however, the idea is revived by Thomas Hobbes; it was developed in different ways by John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. After Kant, the idea largely fell into disrepute until it was resurrected by John Rawls. It is now at the heart...
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Introduction The concept of the social contract has been a cornerstone of political philosophy since the Enlightenment, serving as a theoretical foundation for understanding the legitimacy and organization of states. Originally articulated by thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, social contract theory posits that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to surrender some of their freedoms...
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Community Systems In the week two case study involving Jane (2019), one could see that one community system that influenced the outcome of her and her childrenâs case was religious. Jane, who met her husband through a Christian talk radio show, was a victim of coercive control, which involves using psychological techniques to subordinate women into second-class status (Stark, p....
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Introduction A series of discriminatory events have brought attention to cultural appropriation in fashion. Many major fashion houses (Gucci, Prada, Dior and more) have been accused at being at the forefront of such appropriation. Cultural appropriation as defined by Cambridge Dictionary states that it is âthe act of taking or using things from a culture that is not your own,...
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Introduction Cyberbullying, a pervasive and harmful phenomenon, is increasingly prevalent in digital environments. As technology advances, so does the potential for individuals to exploit it for malicious purposes. Social Learning Theory (SLT), first proposed by Albert Bandura, offers a compelling framework to understand how behaviors, including cyberbullying, are acquired and perpetuated. This theory posits that individuals learn behaviors through observation,...
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âHow can cultural appropriation at music festivals be understood in terms of style, place and popular culture?â The culmination of thousands of people inevitably results in cultural exchange; regardless of whether it is done consciously or unconsciously. However, modern music festivals have proved to be a perfect environment for cultural appropriation to occur. The Encyclopedia of Human Services and Diversity...
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