Introduction Utilitarianism stands as a moral framework grounded in the pursuit of the greatest happiness and utility. This essay aims to delve into the various traits and characteristics inherent in Utilitarianism, shedding light on its complexities and nuances. By focusing on key contributors such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, we can explore the diverse perspectives within Utilitarianism and...
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Introduction Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that posits the maximization of utility as the basis for moral decision-making. In the context of abortion, utilitarianism weighs the consequences of terminating a pregnancy against the potential benefits to determine the ethical course of action. This essay explores the utilitarian perspective on abortion, highlighting the ethical considerations and implications involved. Abortion: Definition and...
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Introduction In the realm of ethics, two prominent perspectives emerge: utilitarianism and moral relativism. Utilitarianism, founded on the principle of maximizing overall happiness, provides an objective framework for ethical decision-making. In contrast, moral relativism asserts that morality is context-dependent, varying among individuals and cultures. This essay aims to compare and contrast these two perspectives to elucidate their differences and implications...
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I would have to disagree with you, Luke. Though maybe by definition, the word âtranscendâ means âto go beyondâ the idea of transcendentalism wasnât to go beyond, but to correct and live correctly. As the document that Mr.Ripper provided us with states, âTranscendentalism was a movement for religious renewal, literary innovation, and social transformation.â Some were moving forward innovations, but...
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Transcendentalism, an elevated form of American Romanticism, is a philosophy, which gained a large following in New England during the 1830s and 1840s. It was the combining of Romantic ideas with existing elements of American beliefs. Taken apart, the word âtranscendentalismâ is not too difficult, the verb âto transcendâ means âto go beyondâ something. For the Transcendentalists, the term meant...
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In this essay, I would like to discuss Rousseauâs approach to childhood and how his work impacted society. The themes of innocent states and fears of corruption are repeating themes that appear within Rousseauâs work. I would like to highlight the main points he emphasizes throughout his texts, particularly in his treatise on education called Emile (1762), also known as...
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1. Introduction In this essay, I argue that it is rationally preferable for a human being to act altruistically than to not do so if and only if the altruistic behavior does not harm the benefactor in any way. In the following paragraphs, I will present two theories that are considered consequentialist: Ethical Egoism and Utilitarianism, then compare and contrast...
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Since as early as the 1820s, it is a well-known fact that the sentence of imprisonment and prison system as a whole fails to meet any of its legitimate penological objectives (Garland 1986, p. 863). It is neither an effective form of punishment nor a correction treatment, with no influence on reducing crime or recidivism rates in society. And yet,...
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Within the past few decades, the world has become more connected than ever before. It is easier than ever to pick up your phone or get on your computer and be able to talk to someone on the other side of the world. With the change in transportation, there are flights available that can put you on a completely different...
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Introduction To discuss the stages of Tuckmanâs theory for group development and maturity we need to understand the concept of grouping. A group consists of two or more people which comes together to achieve a certain objective. Grouping is required because there are certain tasks which can be achieved only by working together. Grouping can be done based on project,...
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When discussing the brain, you must talk about the Psychology is the study of mind and behavior, whether conscious or subconscious, psychologists study our thoughts and actions to develop an understanding of people, and therefore, our world. In this sector of psychological study, our brains can be looked at as a mirror. Itâs unobjective, sort of similar to Switzerlandâs neutral...
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Introduction Gestalt Psychology, an influential paradigm within the realm of cognitive psychology, emerged in the early 20th century as a response to the reductionist approaches of its contemporaries, such as behaviorism and structuralism. Originating in Germany, this school of thought was pioneered by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang KĂśhler, and Kurt Koffka, who posited that the human mind perceives objects as whole...
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The multi-store model of memory was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) and is a basic model. They suggested that memory comprised of three stores: a tactile register, transient memory (STM) and long-haul memory (LTM). This is one of the theories that I will be discussing alongside the working memory theory which was introduced by Baddeley & Hitch in 1974....
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Time travel have been the idea humankind interesting in for century. Since the ancient time, fairy tale about, time travel has always been relevant. From the Hindu epic, King Revaita accepts an invitation to Brahmaâs place, when he returns to earth, he finds many century have passed. The story of fisherman name Urashima Taro, having saved a sea turtle, he...
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Public policy making is essential in making sure that the government is guided in order to reach rational decisions. It is there to give clarity to the internal and external stakeholders on how an organization operates (in this context the government), how resources will be allocated, and how everything will operate in a country. Public policy can also be defined...
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The structural-functionalist perspective, also called functionalism, is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It is based largely on the works of Emile Durkheim as well as Herbert Spencer. It has been given various, but similar definitions by many sociological scholars. Generally, it sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs...
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Philosophers attempt to use moral theories to ideally determine whether an individual is a moral and ethical person. This essay will include the theories; Deontology, Utilitarianism, and Virtue Ethics, and how each significant theory can make an individual a moral member of society, but with contrasting views of other philosophers' ideas. For example, different philosophers believe in different moral theories...
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Prosocial behavior occurs when people act to benefit others rather than themselves. So basically, prosocial conduct is described as acting in a way that benefits others or society as a whole. Prosocial behavior may come in many aspects, like helping others in need, comforting, sharing personal resources, and cooperating with others to achieve some common goals. Feeling empathy and concern...
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Karl Marx sought the answers to questions by trying to understand how our capitalist society works (for whom it works better, for whom worse), how it arose out of feudalism and where it is likely to lead. Concentrating on the social and economic relations in which people earn their livings, Marx saw behind capitalism's law and order appearance a struggle...
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Introduction Libertarianism is a political philosophy that advocates for maximum individual freedom and limited government intervention in both personal and economic matters. Rooted in the principles of individualism, personal autonomy, and free-market capitalism, libertarianism promotes the idea that individuals should have the liberty to make their own choices without undue interference from the state. This essay will provide an informative...
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Sociologists Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckman introduced the theory of social constructionism in 1966 in the book âThe Social Construction of Realityâ. Three separate intellectual movements came together to form the basis of social constructionism in the late 1960s. The second was a literary and rhetorical impetus to the deconstruction of language and how it affects our knowledge of...
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Criminologists are always trying to get to the root of why people commit crimes and create theories on why those same people act in the manner that they do. There are many theories that account for why people commit crimes and what drives them to do so. Recently through this course, the class has touched base on a few of...
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The integration of Europe has three theories that explain its evolution: federalism, neofunctionalism, and intergovernmentalism. Federalism, evolving after World War I and becoming prominent after World War II, holds a focus on avoiding future wars within Europe and containing nation-states. Functionalism has a focus on this idea, as well so when evolved into neofunctionalism, there is a focus on integrating...
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Communication is an essential part of our lives, yet it is not always easy to get our message across effectively. That's where Argyle's Communication Cycle comes in. Developed by social psychologist Michael Argyle, this model outlines the stages involved in effective communication, from encoding and decoding messages to feedback and context. By understanding the steps in the cycle, we can...
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For the past 50 years, Knappâs relational stage model has been testified in relationship development and dissolution; it has become the fundamental of interpersonal communication theory. In building a relationship, this theory is based on the everyday human formation of new relationships that always begins with a conversation with strangers for the first time. Accordingly, most people would have experienced...
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The type of white-collar crime exposed by the Banking Royal Commission is difficult to explain using criminological theory. White-collar crime consists of law-breaking actions that business and government-appointed officials in workplace environments have committed. The crimes are usually nonviolent, and primarily focused on financial gain. (Loy, n.d.) The Banking Royal Commission investigated the improper behavior of businesses in the banking,...
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Violence against women in close relationships has been an essential topic of discussion for several scholars of different disciplines. The woman has been cursed to remain an intrinsic part of human history, so little consideration has been paid to it. New theories and discourses about this vital part of our civilization are making their place in the limelightâvarious approaches. Focusing...
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