A variety of health problems in human beings have resulted from the pollution of the environment caused by diesel oil. This paper provides a summary of a study on the action of degradation that occurs as a result of the action of bacteria on diesel in the presence of waste food materials. During the experiment, the author aimed towards several...

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The purpose of this C.T. is to find solutions to reduce the impact of human activity in the world and we are going to try to find positive solutions that could help change the human activity in the world. The problem that we chose to solve is to reduce the amount of meat we eat.We chose this topic because we...

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How to prevent and what effects does E. coli produce on the body? The main origin of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli outbreaks are raw or undercooked meat products, raw milk and faecal-contaminated vegetables. Considering that the E. Coli bacteria we all have in our body. We can cite the most important themes that should be known about this bacterium as:...

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Abstract In the process of agar preparation, the agar powder was used along with the distilled water. Both were poured together in big flask and mixed well. Then, the flask was put in autoclave machine for sterilization with loosely closed stopper. After autoclaving, the solution was transferred to the Petri dishes. Then, petri dishes were put in incubator. The gram...

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Extracellular Vesicles (EV’s) are unique therapeutic biological molecules exhibiting numerous applications such as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery systems, stem cell-based tissue regeneration, immunogenic response regulators, etc. Their endogenous presence in all living organisms renders them the properties of low toxicity, high stability, and biocompatibility; making them excellent candidates for utilization in the biomedical and healthcare sectors. The major limitations...

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Apoptosis and necrosis Cellular death is a naturally occurring phenomenon. Cells often die due to a harmful environment or through a regulated process of death, with the former termed necrosis and the latter termed apoptosis. While apoptosis is regarded as cell death resulting from normal healthy processes, necrosis results from external factors or disease. (Fink and Cookson, 2005) When cells...

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The topic of reducing your carbon footprint by adding a more plant-based diet is pertinent to the environment. Eating a plant-based diet is a diet that consists of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. Eating a vegan diet does not include any type of animal product; a vegetarian diet does not consist of animal products except for items such as milk,...

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A plant-based diet is composed of whole grains, vegetables, fruits and legumes. It is highly encouraged by the government and health organizations because it can have a positive impact on animal welfare as well as climate change. Plant-based diets are also known to have numerous nutrients and minerals which are known to do wonders physically and mentally for the human...

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Introduction An analytical technique is a method used to determine a chemical compound or chemical element concentration. There is a wide range of analytical techniques which can be used, ranging from simple weighing and titrations to highly advanced procedures utilizing highly specialized instrumentation. According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), chromatography can be defined as: 'A...

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Abstract The purpose of the investigation was to examine the correlation of enzyme production in response to the evolutionary impact of AMY1 gene copy numbers in individuals. Based upon research obtained in previous studies, there was an assumed positive correlation between gene copy numbers and the production of salivary amylase protein levels in mg/mL. Variances in copy numbers can be...

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Abstract Giardiasis also known as beaver fever; is a worldwide diarrheal disease caused by the protozoan Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. intestinalis and G. lamblia). (Esch KJ, 2013) It is found in food-producing animals and in pets .Also , this infection can reduce weight gain and may become a apprehension for zoonotic transmission .(Ortega and Adam, 1997) Giardiasis is...

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Plant communication: the big question Plants can communicate too. They can detect other plants next to or around them and respond accordingly. They can do this by a number of ways, one way is secreting certain chemicals into the soil to affect how their neighbouring plants grow and behave, depending on how crowded they find their neighbourhood to be. As...

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f the time provided to the bean plant to grow is increased, the height of the bean plant will also increase because more time provided to the plant means that the plant has more time to photosynthesize, causing the plant to grow. QUALITATIVE DATA The plants were not all at the same place at the windowsill because the flask was...

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A diet as an athlete has a critical role in their performance. The focus in today's society is that meat makes people tough. Dieting is a universal stereotype. How can a plant-based diet give someone enough energy? People should support a plant-based diet because their performance will improve, it will prevent long-term damage to their health and will consume enough...

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Introduction Marine environments are teeming with microscopic life forms that play crucial roles in global ecosystems and hold immense biotechnological potential. Marine microbes, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and microalgae, are fundamental to the health of oceanic environments and contribute significantly to biogeochemical cycles. These organisms have adapted to thrive in diverse and extreme marine conditions, leading to unique metabolic pathways...

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To begin, agricultural biotechnology is the utilization of newly developed scientific techniques that have the ability to improve plants and livestock, which are not possible solely by regular breeding. After thoroughly studying the concept of DNA, scientists have invented solutions to escalate the use of agricultural productiveness. These solutions are implemented in many different ways, such as: genetic engineering, vaccines,...

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Food, substance consisting essentially of protein, carbohydrate, fat, and other nutrients used in the body of an organism to sustain growth and vital processes and to furnish energy. The absorption and utilisation of food by the body is fundamental to nutrition and is facilitated by digestion. Protein, highly complex substance that is present in all living organisms. Proteins are of...

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Introduction Light is an integral component of plant growth and development, serving as both an energy source and a signal that orchestrates various physiological processes. The role of light extends beyond mere photosynthesis, influencing plant morphology, physiology, and even genetic expression. In recent decades, research has unveiled the complex ways in which light affects plant life, shedding light on its...

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ABSTRACT The plant fitness refers to overall performance of a plant. Essentially it includes three factors, namely growth, reproduction and survival. The plant functional traits are those that define a species in terms of their ecological roles ;that is how they interact with the environment and with other species. Seed size is such an important plant functional trait. The effect...

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Abstract When looking at Beetroots the effects of pH can be seen through the pigment of Betacyanin stored within the cell membrane by testing absorbance of the pigment released in a solution due to effects pH has on the permeability of the membrane. The solutions applied to the cells roots leads the cells to become disrupted causing an open membrane...

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Abstract Digestive enzymes play a very important role in providing the energy and proteins that the body needs to survive from the food that is ingested. One important digestive enzyme is pepsin. This enzyme survives the acidic pH of the stomach and is not denatured by it as some enzymes might. Pepsin has a precursor, pepsinogen, which is the inactive...

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ABSTRACT For over a decade now, agriculture has been the key source of income in India. In a country like India, which is developing now, agriculture provides a huge number of employment opportunities. According to a study, a huge population of the country, around 60-70% of the country depends on agriculture. Most of the work related to farming in India...

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Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine the optimal temperature for both bacterial enzyme amylase, known as Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis), and fungal enzyme amylase, known as Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae). During this experiment, both enzymes were exposed to 4 different temperatures (0 ᵒC, 25 ᵒC, 55 ᵒC, and 85 ᵒC) for specific time intervals. The time intervals...

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Enzymes are proteins that help with digestion and metabolism. Their function is to speed up certain reactions within cells. In this case, enzymes were part of a reaction with iodine. A total of eight test tubes were used; four for bacterial amylase and the other four for fungal amylase. A spot place was used to see the reaction between the...

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Introduction Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts which accelerate many biological chemical reactions (Funk and Wagnalls 2018), making them an important staple in linking metabolic networks (Chiu et al. 2006) as well as many biological processes. Thus, it is important to have a fundamental understanding of enzymes and their reactions with substrates, including measuring their activity based on the...

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Introduction Hello members of the editorial board, today I present to you a journal article called the ‘Mathematical Model for Cell Division’ by D. McKenney and J. A. Nickel. This article has caught my eye because it is easy to read and understand with some background knowledge. The journal article is constructed in a way that guides the reader step...

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Introduction The reactions occurring in a living organism are classified as metabolism, it sums up all the chemical reactions occurring in a living thing. Organism rely on metabolism, and ambient temperature can have significant effects on the metabolism of the organism. There is also an inverse relationship between an organism's rate of metabolism and their size. This is because the...

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Since the discovery of cell culture in 1907 it has rapidly become one of the most frequent and important techniques used by cell biologists and as more modern technology has became available, a greater understanding of the method was gained to further enhance the results of cell culture. With the developments of two-dimensional cell culture to three-dimensional cell culture a...

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Over the course of 350 million years, plants and insects have coevolved to counter each other’s defensive strategies. A variety of physical and biochemical mechanisms are used almost intuitively to help plants deter herbivorous pests. Chemical signals and compounds emitted by plants can be exploited by herbivores, predators and parasitoids to locate resources. In this review, we will look at...

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The UN Sustainable Development goals are goals set out to improve upon problems that are an issue on a global scale. There are 17 of these goals which set out to rectify their respective problems.1 For example, these goals include improving good health and well-being, obtaining affordable and clean energy, prevention of further climate change and improving conditions for both...

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