Increasing globalisation and continued human induced environmental degradation is enhancing the ability for infectious diseases to emerge and spread. Globalisation, climate change, urbanisation and livestock intensification are all features of the modern human society disrupting the natural ecological system and altering disease transmission (Patz, J.A. et al 2000). Changes in population size, density and distribution, aided by international migration and...
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On March 11, 2020 Coronavirus was confirmed as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). A pandemic is a disease that is spreading in multiple countries globally at the same time. That caused most of the countries to take urgent actions to respond to their own outbreak. The novel Coronavirus has been known as COVID-19. Recently, nearly all governments...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a recurring health issue with flu-like symptoms that continues to affect millions of people around the world, transmitted through bodily fluids and sexual contact. Additionally, the virus has the ability to progress into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This sexually transmitted disease (STD) originated from a chimpanzee carrying the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), known to be...
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In Olivia Willis’ article “Obesity rates are rising in Australia but its where you live that matters”, the health reporter highlights on the issue of obesity in Australia and its relation to how wealthy communities are. When it comes to health and wellbeing, Australia matches or outperforms many other countries with comparable income. However, Australia’s level of obesity has slowly...
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The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented crisis throughout the global population. Western social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, as well as their Chinese counterparts (such as WeChat and Weibo) are at the heart of this crisis. These platforms can act as multipliers and facilitators of COVID-19 related misinformation. This perpetration of misinformation encompasses outbreak response and...
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Alzheimer’s disease, a type of dementia, is a neurodegenerative health condition which causes memory failure and other brain-related functions, such as speech, behaviour and awareness of surroundings. (Colin L. Masters, 2015) Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative and progressive disease therefore increasing risk significantly in the older generations and tends to be more prevalent among women. Potential risk factors could include;...
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Devastating droughts, brazen bushfires and now; contagious COVID-19. Whatever our nation is threatened by next we assure you our government will be ready to act. Currently COVID-19 has infected 90 countries and has been contracted by over 100,000 people. This pandemic is creeping dangerously close to our Australian shores and likely has infiltrated our lands as we speak. Our government...
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Introduction The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, known as COVID-19, has precipitated unprecedented disruptions across the globe, affecting both health systems and economies. Originating in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, the virus quickly spiraled into a global pandemic, compelling nations to impose stringent lockdowns and health measures. The pandemic has underscored vulnerabilities within health infrastructures and exposed the fragility of...
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The coronavirus has developed into a devastating level of threat to our nation's security. More funding is needed for this rapid spreading virus to help aid in finding treatments for this virus. On January 31, 2020, the Health and Human Services announced a concerning health message for citizens of the United States to help aid in the nation’s healthcare community....
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Sickle cell anemia is severe, chronic and even fatal disease. It causes red blood cells to break down and and sickle (form a crescent shape). It occurs due to a point mutation in the Red blood cells which blocks blood flow therefore there is a chronic deprivation of oxygen which leads to complications such as damage to nerves, kidneys, liver,...
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative neurological disease whose onset can hardly be observed. AD is clinically characterized by symptoms such as memory impairment, aphasia, impaired visual spatial skills, executive dysfunction, and personality and behavior changes. The underlying cause hasn’t been specified yet. Numerous efforts have been made to find effective medicinal treatment for AD, but the majority of...
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Introduction Malnutrition means deficiency of proper nutrition in diet due to not having enough food. It mainly involves calories, protein, vitamins and carbohydrates. It has also divided into different types of under nutrition such as stunting, wasting, underweight and no proper vitamins and minerals (Pathak & Singh., 2011). My essay topic area is malnutrition among children of India. In India,...
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According to the World Alzheimer's 2018 Report, every 3 seconds, there is a patient diagnosed with dementia worldwide. There are currently at least 50 million dementia patients worldwide. And this number is still growing uncontrolledly. Therefore, understanding the causes of this disease is more urgent than ever. Many studies have previously found some factors that increase the risk of dementia....
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative encephalopathy which occurs in pre- and post-elderly conditions with a gradual loss of cognitive and memory functions. As the population aging intensifies, the number of AD patients worldwide is growing rapidly, resulting in a heavy social burden. Thus, how to treat Alzheimer's disease is the focus of the whole society. In fact, the...
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Numbers of individuals identified as overweight and obese are escalating at a concerning rates and these circumstances are associated with various psychological and physiological health complications. Obesity is operationally defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of >30.0 kg/height in m2 (Bean, Stewart & Olbrisch. 2008). It is accompanied by increased risk of discrimination in health care, interpersonal relationships,...
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HIV/AIDS is a globally infamous pandemic that still continues to spread all around the world, with its substantial effects on public health, social attitude and social disadvantages still evident even in today’s setting. HIV/AIDS does not only influence the physical health of those affected but has also become a historically consistent role in the perpetuation of systematic social inequalities, such...
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Since 1990 there has been a significant increase in obesity (Monash University, 2017). Obesity is a condition involving a human body having excessive body fat which increases the risk of health problems. Many methods have been used in attempt to curb obesity, but none have had much luck. A new method that should be implemented is sugar tax. Many countries...
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Introduction Based on the original broad claim, initial research was conducted to establish specific diseases that were common in Asian countries as well as certain geographic factors within Asia that affect infectious disease susceptibility; it was found that malaria cases notably increased in areas near deforestation. Thus, the original research question was formulated: “Does an increase in deforestation cause an...
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first reported in 1981 among gay men in Los Angeles. HIV caused a severe infection that weakened their immune system. It was the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic (MHAF, 2019), which later in 2010 became the fifth leading cause of disability in all ages (Zulfiqar, 2017). Although these were the first incidents...
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Introduction Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory idiopathic chronic disease. The disease mostly affects a part of the gastrointestinal tract beginning from the mouth to the anus. Crohn disease brings about complications in the digestive system of a human being. The disease is thought to be caused by bacteria that live in the intestines. The disease also could be associated with...
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Do you know a person who has type 2 diabetes? Perhaps at risk of cardiovascular disease? Maybe even some musculoskeletal conditions or a form of cancer? This person may have one of these illnesses and they may also suffer from obesity. Obesity has been defined by the National Institutes of Health as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 and...
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Many people are quick to blame fast-food restaurants for the rising rates of obesity, but are places like McDonalds and Subway really to blame, or are they just an easy excuse for the poor decisions we make when it comes to food choices? I believe that obesity is not the fault of the people that make the food, but the...
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Introduction Body fat is stored as an energy storage for the body and is used to prolong survival if and individual is faced with food deprivation (Harvey & Wither,2008). In order for the body to function well the it needs a certain amount of body fat (Harvey & Wither,2008). In spite of that having excessive amounts of body fat can...
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Abstract There has been a significant increase in the near global population’s daily per capita supply of food is the result of globalisation and industrialisation. While the cause of obesity at the individual’s level is based on the amount of energy consumption that is exceeding the impact of energy expenditure by habitual behaviour towards and energy-dense food choice, it is...
432
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Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge worldwide, despite concerted efforts to control its spread. Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, TB primarily affects the lungs but can also impact other parts of the body. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), TB is one of the top ten causes of death globally, with millions of new cases...
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Introduction Obesity has emerged as one of the most pressing public health concerns in Australia, affecting millions of individuals and posing significant socio-economic challenges. In recent years, the prevalence of obesity in Australia has shown alarming growth, with nearly two-thirds of adults and one in four children classified as overweight or obese. This trend is attributed to a complex interplay...
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Introduction Dementia is not one specific disease but is rather a group of conditions that can be characterised by the loss of at least two vital brain functions such as memory loss and judgement. The symptoms of which can be substantial, including but not limited to forgetfulness, a limited set of social skills and long- or short-term memory loss. Alzheimer’s...
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Overactive neurons in specific regions of the brain are thought to be early disturbances of Alzheimer's disease. In a new study, researchers from the Technical University of Munich, Germany, were the first to explain the causes and mechanisms of this early important neurological dysfunction. They found that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate persisted for too long in the vicinity of active...
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HIV/AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The HI virus is most commonly passed from one individual to another through unprotected sexual intercourse in which bodily fluids such as semen are freely exchanged between individuals. However, the virus can be transmitted to a person through any contact of bodily fluids that are infected with the HI virus. This includes,...
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Health in our modern society is highly dependent upon occupation, income and wealth which determine socioeconomic position. Higher incomes support access to a wider variety of goods and services that are beneficial to an individual’s health, such as quality food and housing, greater health care options, and activities that promote health. Loss of income through illness, disability or injury can...
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