Abstract CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and CRISPR associated protein Cas9 has revolutionized gene and genome editing. This system was discovered in prokaryotes as a defence mechanism to protect themselves from viral predators via three basic steps of spacer-acquisition, Crispr RNA (crRNA) processing and interference. CRISPR-Cas display a prokaryotic adaptive immune system that memorize previous infection by integrating...
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Abstract Bioremediation of different waste waters is a relatively new technology that has undergone more intense investigation in recent decades. As rapid industrialization and urbanization releases numerous toxic compounds into natural water bodies, polluting both fresh water resources as well as marine water. This process is focused on destroying or immobilizing toxic waste materials present in these water sources. Several...
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ABSTRACT The viral family of Coronaviridae has an important genus that affects humans called Coronavirus (CoV). CoVs distinct spike surface protein projections and its single stranded enveloped RNA give this virus its distinguishable structure. It is the spike surface proteins which bring about virus entry into host cells and the RNA to facilitate multiplication within the host. Once multiplication has...
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The debate of nature vs. nurture is a centuries long discussion splitting psychologist’s perspectives on human behavior and traits. The nature position of the debate focuses on how DNA and genotype influence behavior and personality. It is essentially hard-wired into your being. On the other hand, nurture leans toward outside influences and interactions shaping your mind. Nurture is founded on...
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Abstract Plant tissue culture, or the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs, and their components beneath defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro, is an important tool in both fundamental and connected ponders as well as in commercial application. It was the accessibility of these techniques that driven to the application of tissue culture to five broad zones, specifically, cell...
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Bromelain was first identified in 1891. Vicente Marcano, a Venezuelan chemist, isolated it by taking pineapple and fermenting it. Only one year later, in 1892, more research was conducted on the enzyme by Russell Henry Chittenden, Elliott P. Joslin, and Frank Sherman Meara. They named the enzyme Bromelain. They discovered that Bromelain is good at dividing proteins such as the...
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Microbiology was believed by many microbiologists to experience its second golden age, prior to that is the first golden age which initiated by Pasteur’s Germ theory of disease. The second golden age of microbiology introduced another field of general biology which is molecular genetics. It uses microorganisms as a model in conducting researches. It started in the year 1940's, when...
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Large populations of humans tend to live near bodies of water. Because of these dense populations, water quality is an issue in these areas. Due to natural and anthropogenic changes, water quality can become poor (Duodu et. al). Contaminants negatively affect water quality from many sources such as disposal of liquid effluents, runoff carrying harmful chemicals that may be urban,...
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An argument is a valid product of argumentative reasoning consisting of at least one claim and one premise. It is the process by which many claims are offered based on premises and one reaches a conclusion that is relevant and provides good grounds. Argumentation is the process by which arguments are dialogically and dialectically constructed. Logic is the science that...
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Introduction Diffusion is that the net movement of anything from an area of upper concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in concentration and the thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. It measures the speed of transfer of warmth of structure from heated end...
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Chromatography is used to distinguish various components from product mixtures. All types of chromatography have a stationary phase (a solid or a solid-based liquid) and a mobile phase (a liquid or a gas). The mobile phase moves through the stationary phase. Distribution of analyte takes place through columns has stationary phase fixed into its internal surface area. The coloumn is...
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Introduction Genome-editing, a recent technological advancement in the field of life sciences & is one of the techniques used to explore the understanding of the biological phenomenon. Besides having different site-directed nucleases for genome editing over a decade ago, the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) based genome editing approach has become a choice of technique due to...
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Introduction Functional foods are known to possess an additional characteristic by adding new ingredients or increasing the existing ingredients. This term may apply to those traits which are purposely incorporated into existing edible plants, such as purple or gold potatoes having enriched anthocyanin or carotenoid contents, respectively. They are designed to contain physiological benefits which reduce the danger of chronic...
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Introduction Teaching English abroad has become an increasingly popular career choice for educators, travelers, and recent graduates seeking to immerse themselves in new cultures while sharing their language skills. The global demand for English proficiency ensures that opportunities abound across various continents, each offering unique experiences and challenges. Countries like China, South Korea, and Spain are often highlighted as top...
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Food science is defined as the study of the physical, biological and chemical of food, which most of the studies related to food processing and food deterioration while food technology is the application of it involved in packaging, preservation and food safety (Institute of Fodd Technologies, 2019). The fields that closely related to the food technology are such as biotechnology,...
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The purpose of this experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown diprotic or triprotic acid by performing a standard titration procedure. Standardized NaOH was used to titrate the unknown acid and the changes in pH and volumes were recorded. The molar mass (98.4g/mol), pKa (1.81), and Ka () were calculated. The overall findings resulted in the identification of...
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USING BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROP DEVELOPMENT Farmers have been practising a crude form of biotechnology for centuries by cross-breeding plants to introduce and maintain desirable characteristics. More recently, plant technologists have bombarded plant cells or small plants with radiation that damages DNA, causing random changes that so result in 'better' plants. However, the newest, truly biotechnological techniques involve genetic engineering and...
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Chromatography is an important physical technique that is used for separation, identification, and purification of multi-component mixtures for qualitative and quantitative analysis (Coskun, 2016). There are many types of chromatographic systems such as liquid chromatography, which began in the late 1930s (Guiochon, Felinger, Shirazi and Katti, 2006), and gas chromatography, which was developed in the 1950s (Scott, 1995). A very...
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Introduction and Background information The aims of this experiment were to quantitatively analyse cranberry juice samples using the technique of spectrophotometry and also, to determine the percentage of pure, natural cranberry juice in a selection of cranberry juice drink products. Spectrophotometry is a technique used to measure the level of the chemical constitutes in a solution based on the absorption...
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Sustainability of good health depends upon purity of water. The toxic heavy metals presence in water bodies arises from the discharge of untreated effluents or dumping of solid waste containing heavy metal salts. Leaching of these heavy metals into water bodies causes various health hazards. Urbanization of rural areas has led to contamination of ground as well as surface water...
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Abstract Removal of impurities is a key aspect of downstream processing. While the newly produced target protein must be harvested and purified from the culture, a variety of impurities, including endotoxins, HCPs, viruses and cells must be removed. This study examines each of these impurities and the impact they may have on patient safety and/or drug efficacy. Various removal techniques...
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Challenges for the solar eclipse First of all, the solar eclipse is necessary that the sun, the earth and the moon located in the right configuration. Compared with the sun, the size of the moon is quite small. This means that the only possible way to form the solar eclipse when the moon is located on the position in its...
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As a tremendous natural phenomenon, solar eclipse holds great significance in many scientific approaches. Normally, Sun, the most efficient energy source for the whole solar system, emits light that is too powerful and therefore blocks light reflected from other stars nearby, nor corona, the outermost layer of the Sun, can be observed with enough details.[footnoteRef:1] However, as the Moon blocks...
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Introduction “The moon deserted her course and the sun at once veiled his beam threatening, no longer to give you light, if Cleon became general...” [8] This was the first western written record of the lunar eclipse by Aristophanes. Before that, people usually misunderstood it as some unnatural power controlled by witches or prediction of a city’s demise. The person...
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Astronomical distances recognized simply as astro-distances or more frequently as light years, present fascinating reasons to make ongoing explorations about the macrocosm. However, the history of astro-distances should receive close attention to understand how various calculation approaches evolved. From the development of the Hubble telescope, the existent form of calculating astro-distances means that an explicating macrocosm should present opportunities to...
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Introduction In the field of applied linguistics, motivation is widely recognized as a pivotal factor influencing the efficacy of language learning. As language learners navigate through the complexities of acquiring a new language, motivation acts as a catalyst that drives them towards achieving proficiency. The multifaceted nature of motivation encompasses various elements, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which together shape...
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Abstract In this study, the researcher is investigating the reasons behind changing one's dialect to another, in particular, from Idhna's dialect to Hebron's by Idhna students at Hebron University. Since dialects vary now from one place to another, the researcher decided to study why his town students make changes when they moving to Hebron. Therefore, The researcher collected data from...
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As we all know that computers have a marked influence on linguistics.In the near future computers would be providing more help to linguists. Computational linguistics studies how computers are related to linguistics and also deals with techniques of computers that assist us in interpretation of language. To facilitate linguists to explore and interpret natural language with the help of computers....
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Introduction Social structures or networks such as access to education, employment, inclusion in society and so on are important prerequisites in shaping the health of people in any given circumstances. The extent to which we incorporate these factors coupled with biological agents explains why disease are produced (Berkman, Kawachi, & Glymour, 2014). For example people with good education have access...
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Introduction Social media has substantially modified human’s manner of residing in diverse aspects including communique, expertise alternate, commerce and education. With the development of social media sites, people keep finding more area of study English to be able to explore it further. There no denying that social media and its use have become obvious in field of education which may...
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