INTRODUCTION: The Knoevenagel condensation is named after Emil Knoevenagel and is a modification of the aldol condensation[1, 2]. It is used for formation of carbon-carbon bond. The Knoevenagel condensation is an organic reaction used to convert an aldehyde or ketone and an activated methylene compound to olefins in the presence of weakly basic amine as a catalyst. However, if a...
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With a growing population and increasing demand for food, particularly meat products, agricultural practices need to adapt to improve environmental efficiency and yield. Sources suggest that by the year 2050, the human population will surpass 9.1 billion and if our agricultural systems do not adapt to a changing world there will be a devastating food crisis within the near future...
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Introduction Cosmology is a field that has worried humanity for millenia, trying to find answers to the questions about the origin, evolution and fate of the universe. Although in the beginning this could only be theorical, the development of new technologies has given us a way to probe these theories experimentally. This article is a review about how distant supernovae...
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Abstract Rapid industrialization and urbanization in Chhattisgarh as well as in others states of India are responsible for accumulation of toxic metals in our daily life through waste water. Consumption of polluted drinking water over a long period of time causes many serious health issues in human beings. Adsorption is an environment friendly and economic tool for removal of toxic...
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If it came from a plant, eat it; If it was made in a plant, don’t. This is a famous quote by Michael Pollan. This means plants are a food source for all living beings. From tip to toe plants provide foods for us. Because each and every part of a plant such as fruit, flower, leaves, stem, bark and...
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INTRODUCTION Food analysis is a very important branch of analytical chemistry which provides data about chemical composition of food stuffs, contaminants and ensures safety of foods during import and exports. Many compounds which are found in nature, can be chiral which may have one or more chiral center and can exist as enantiomers. Enantiomers exhibits similar physico-chemical properties with assymetric...
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Abstract This study is an epistemological enquiry into the definition of ‘development’. The introduction of new technologies by the state perpetuates the dominant discourse of the times. Green Revolution is one such technology that changed the paradigm of farming in the state of Punjab, India. The developmental ideology of those times paved the way for technological interventions and made the...
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Abstract Pakistan is an agricultural country and the economy of Pakistan is highly depending on its agriculture productivity. Detection of diseases in plants plays a significant role in the agriculture field of Pakistan. Lack of timely and proper care of plants massively affects the output quality, quantity, and productivity. This paper presents an algorithm for the detection and identification of...
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Abstract Biotechnology of Extremophiles such as Thermus Aquaticus and Deinoccous radiodurans have a plethora of ways to improve human life. This paper reviews the use of said extremophilic enzymes, bacteria and some methodology of the current biotechnology that can take advantage of the extremophiles. Introduction Biotechnology is involved with our everyday lives, ranging from crops production, PCR and more. There’s...
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The significance of language in daily lives is prominent as it is central to the construction of social identity and therefore to the development of a political, ethical and social self (Gutierrez and Larson 1994; Gibson 2004). The importance of language in identity formation is argued by Carter and Aulette (2009, p. 214): [language is] a fundamental part of our...
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Introduction The advent of gene-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, has ushered in an era of unprecedented possibilities in genetic modification. Among the most contentious topics arising from these advancements is the ethical question of whether it is appropriate to edit the genomes of children. Proponents argue that genetic editing can eradicate hereditary diseases, enhance human capabilities, and improve quality of life....
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Abstract This paper examines the negative ethical consequences that newly developed DNA tests have on individuals and their privacy within society. Although DNA testing has beneficial uses, there are a wide variety of negative effects in using, unregulated at home testing kits known as LTDS. Many companies do not have clear privacy policies for customer’s privacy when using their services....
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Introduction Refraction index is one of the most important intriguing concepts in physics. It demonstrates how light behaves in different mediums which is vital for thin film technology and fiber optics[footnoteRef:1]. As for this exploration, the change in refractive index of water due to salt concentration applies to archer fishers found in the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean fishing...
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Abstract In this research paper the researcher analyzes the effect language in developing emotional intelligence in people from different sectors. 80 people were randomly selected from Bhilai city. The data was collected by using emotional intelligence scale which was formulated during research work. The finding reveals that the language we use is closely related to our lifestyle and our environment....
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Abstract Heavy metals discharge from agricultural, domestic, industrial and municipal wastewater has become a serious threat for environment. During past couple of decades new class of adsorbents developed, has helped to overcome this threat. Due to their excellent potential in wastewater and industrial effluents treatment and distinct characteristics they have gained popularity. This review paper presents, nanoadsorbents used in removal...
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Introduction The growth and development of plants are heavily influenced by the availability and types of nutrients and fertilizers. Nutrients, both macro and micro, play a pivotal role in ensuring healthy plant growth, impacting everything from cell division to photosynthesis. Fertilizers, on the other hand, are external sources that provide these essential nutrients, aiding plants in overcoming deficiencies in the...
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Introduction The escalating demand for sustainable energy solutions has thrust solar technology into the spotlight as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Among the innovative developments in this field is the solar oxy-hydrogen generator, which combines solar energy with water electrolysis to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases. This technology not only offers a clean energy source but also presents an...
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Abstract This paper highlights the use of a sign language translator glove using development board like Arduino-MEGA. The main purpose of this project is to highlight the uses of a sign language translator glove This document proposes the application and development of a sign language translator glove using relevant technologies. Sign language is useful tool of communication between the differently-abled...
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The effects of changing temperature and pH conditions on the activity of the β-galactosidase enzyme and its affinity for ONPG were studied. A standard curve was developed as a control, and was used to obtain the assays for the 6 different reaction rates studied, corresponding with the 4 temperatures and 4 pH’s. The reaction results were measured for its absorbance,...
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Science has proved that all the matter in the universe is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons: energy that is always in motion. Because of this, many people have argued that every object in the universe, whether alive or not, is connected energy. Paulo Coelho subtly demonstrates this idea in his novel, The Alchemist, as the reader follows the journey...
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Introduction Cell division is important for an organism's growth. However, DNA must be replicated before the cell divides. DNA is the hereditary molecule that stores instructions to make proteins.1 Since DNA is the hereditary material, it must be copied from a cell to its daughter cell and this is done by the process of DNA replication. DNA replication is a...
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Mars can be considered the future of Earth. Humans have been slowly destroying the Earth with bad habits created over time like trash pollution and global warming. Pollution is accumulating all around the world and many things like global warming is worsening, as a result, Earth may become uninhabitable. Earth will not survive if treated so horribly. People need to...
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Introduction Hard water ions are commonly present in most water reserves around the world. It is defined as water with the presence of large amounts of magnesium and calcium ions [1]. Hard water ions can be present in water to a certain extent and still be safe for consumption. These regulations are determined by the Environmental Protection Agency. Although there...
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ABSTRACT This report is concerned with the aim to measure the properties of the drilling mud (hydrogen ion concentration). The term pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or alkalinity (concentration of hydrogen ions) in an aqueous solution (drilling mud in this case). In general, to proceed with this experiment, a range of equipment were used such...
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There is an undeniable difference between genders, their physiognomy is different, biologically men are more muscular than women as they start to develop muscles during puberty . However, the world of sport is responsible for enhancing further disparity between the sexes. These differences have separated the two genders for decades and is now used to entertain, demean or marginalize them....
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New technology is being used and integrated into society in the area of forensics using DNA. A profile of an individual is created when any physical traces are left behind at a crime scene, like blood, tissues, hair, or anything else harboring DNA. All of this information gets compiled, organized, and stored on computers to be cross-checked with the profiles...
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Venus has a very harsh environment. It has a reddish-brown surface caused by thousands of volcanoes and ancient lava flows. Venus is not a habitable place. Even though there may be some rain, they come in the form of sulfuric acid and not water. Hence, the atmosphere in Venus smells like rotten eggs. The surface temperature on Venus can reach...
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Introduction Apoptosis refers to normal and coordinated death of cells where cells degrade their cytoplasmic contents and DNA. [1] It takes place in multicellular organisms as a programmed response of defense against noxious agents. It can also take place during the regulation of cell populations within the tissues. This analysis will further the definition provided above and explore causes of...
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Introduction The design and implementation of programming languages are pivotal to advancing computer science and enhancing software development. Programming languages serve as the medium through which developers express computational ideas and communicate with machines. Over the decades, the evolution of languages has been driven by a need to improve efficiency, readability, and expressiveness. This essay explores the intricacies involved in...
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Introduction Costus speciosus (Koen ) Sm medicinal important plant belong to family Zingiberaceae. All plant parts of Costus speciosus have different uses so demand of this plant increased day by day .So now a days Costus speciosus become endangered species. Tissue culture technique play an important role to conserve the endangered species.Different concentration of various phytohormones auxin,cytokinin,gibberellins directly effect on...
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